HIUS 221, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE, ALREADY
GRADED A+
Beringia
land bridge connecting the Asian and American continents
Misconceptions about Indians
static societies, lived in isolation, nomads that lived in teepees
Eastern Woodland Indians
Indians east of the Mississippi River, mostly agricultural, organized into small bands led by chiefs, traded
beaver belts
Contact between Indians and whites
at first was peaceful and cordial cross cultural exchange, then would dispute over land ownership, treaty
was negotiated but lead to more disputes
Indian religion
based on worship of nature and spirit beings they believed existed
Fate of Native American
Many died of diseases but four million were left by the time Virginia was established as first colony
Prince Henry the Navigator
From Portugal, was a tough experienced navigator, established school for captains and navigators, lead
voyages along the African coast. First European country (Portugal) with colonial empire
Columbus
From Genoa Italy, skilled mariner, believed he could reach east Asia by sailing west from Europe,
established permanent colonies in Hispaniola, 1492 sailed from Spain to San Salvador
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty between Spain and Portugal to occupy the Americas. Agreed to split, Spain claimed east of the
line, Portugal claimed west of the line
Conquistadores
soldiers of Spain conquered an empire in the Americas stretching from the Rocky Mountains to Peru.
Defeated the moors. Pursued gold, God, and glory
Cortes
explorer that landed on the east coast of Mexico in search of gold, war broke with Aztecs, Cortes
imprisoned and tortured their leader Montezuma ll
, Coronado
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, with an army of 1100, began to explore the region north of Mexico in
search of treasure. Traveled all the way to Kansas and found nothing causing Spain to lose interest.
Provided the basis for Spain to claim the area between Cal. and Texas
Northwest passage
Many believed there was a "Northwest Passage" around the north of the Americas, which would enable
them to reach the East.
Fur Trading
The French built a vast trading empire based on commerce in furs.
Joint Stock companies
private business enterprises established by investors sponsored voyages and colonization as for-profit
business ventures.
The lost colony of Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh founded the colony in NC in 1589, John White brought 150, White returned with
buildings standing and people gone. Croatian carved on a tree
Jamestown
The first permanent colony was Jamestown, in what became known as Virginia. Was sponsored by
Virginia company joint stock company. Two thirds of the men died within first year
Captain John Smith
English military officer that instituted strict military style discipline that put everyone to work "no work
no food" ensured colonies survival despite
John Rolfe
discovered how to cure tobacco, breaking Spain's monopoly.
Tobacco
became Virginias cash crop (sold for profit)
Learned about smoking it from the Indians
Powhatan Confederacy
settlers encroached Indian lands, the powhatan tribe and the Jamestown held to an uneasy truce.
Brother of Powhatan opechancanough became chief and attacked Jamestown. War lasted 22 years.
Defeat of the Indians
pilgrims/separatists
believed the church of England was corrupt, got permission to settle in Virginia company's land grant,
boarded the mayflower in September 1620, landed on the coast of Cape Cop in November
GRADED A+
Beringia
land bridge connecting the Asian and American continents
Misconceptions about Indians
static societies, lived in isolation, nomads that lived in teepees
Eastern Woodland Indians
Indians east of the Mississippi River, mostly agricultural, organized into small bands led by chiefs, traded
beaver belts
Contact between Indians and whites
at first was peaceful and cordial cross cultural exchange, then would dispute over land ownership, treaty
was negotiated but lead to more disputes
Indian religion
based on worship of nature and spirit beings they believed existed
Fate of Native American
Many died of diseases but four million were left by the time Virginia was established as first colony
Prince Henry the Navigator
From Portugal, was a tough experienced navigator, established school for captains and navigators, lead
voyages along the African coast. First European country (Portugal) with colonial empire
Columbus
From Genoa Italy, skilled mariner, believed he could reach east Asia by sailing west from Europe,
established permanent colonies in Hispaniola, 1492 sailed from Spain to San Salvador
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty between Spain and Portugal to occupy the Americas. Agreed to split, Spain claimed east of the
line, Portugal claimed west of the line
Conquistadores
soldiers of Spain conquered an empire in the Americas stretching from the Rocky Mountains to Peru.
Defeated the moors. Pursued gold, God, and glory
Cortes
explorer that landed on the east coast of Mexico in search of gold, war broke with Aztecs, Cortes
imprisoned and tortured their leader Montezuma ll
, Coronado
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, with an army of 1100, began to explore the region north of Mexico in
search of treasure. Traveled all the way to Kansas and found nothing causing Spain to lose interest.
Provided the basis for Spain to claim the area between Cal. and Texas
Northwest passage
Many believed there was a "Northwest Passage" around the north of the Americas, which would enable
them to reach the East.
Fur Trading
The French built a vast trading empire based on commerce in furs.
Joint Stock companies
private business enterprises established by investors sponsored voyages and colonization as for-profit
business ventures.
The lost colony of Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh founded the colony in NC in 1589, John White brought 150, White returned with
buildings standing and people gone. Croatian carved on a tree
Jamestown
The first permanent colony was Jamestown, in what became known as Virginia. Was sponsored by
Virginia company joint stock company. Two thirds of the men died within first year
Captain John Smith
English military officer that instituted strict military style discipline that put everyone to work "no work
no food" ensured colonies survival despite
John Rolfe
discovered how to cure tobacco, breaking Spain's monopoly.
Tobacco
became Virginias cash crop (sold for profit)
Learned about smoking it from the Indians
Powhatan Confederacy
settlers encroached Indian lands, the powhatan tribe and the Jamestown held to an uneasy truce.
Brother of Powhatan opechancanough became chief and attacked Jamestown. War lasted 22 years.
Defeat of the Indians
pilgrims/separatists
believed the church of England was corrupt, got permission to settle in Virginia company's land grant,
boarded the mayflower in September 1620, landed on the coast of Cape Cop in November
