GRADED A+
complexity of Europe’s environment
-27 member states, parliaments, regulators, political traditions
-23 official languages and English
-north vs south
-east vs west
regional separatism
-Catalonia, Spain saying they aren't a part of Spain
-not only happening in Spain
united in diversity (EU mantra)
-unity within broad general parameters (aims and values, governance)
-diversity from interaction of; economics, politics, legal systems, culture (political economy)
-diversity leads to difference in emphasis for policy and business
determinants of culture
religion, political philosophy, economic philosophy, education, language, social structure
political economy
-how the political, economic,
and legal systems of a country are interdependent
-they interact and influence each other
-they affect the level of economic wellbeing in the nation
-political (gov), legal (laws, and economic (markets)
political system
system of government in a nation
-individualist/ collectivist
-democratic/ totalitarian
legal system
system of rules that regulate behavior and the processes by which the laws of a country are enforced
-common/ civic/ theocratic law
economic system
market/command/ mixed economy
unity
,The following Values
form the basis of the EU and are laid out in the
Lisbon Treaty and the EU Charter of fundamental rights:
-Human dignity
-Freedom
-Democracy
-Equality
-Rule of law
-Human rights
The EU values are common to the EU countries in a society
in which inclusion, tolerance, justice, solidarity and non-discrimination prevail.
-These values are an integral part of our European way of life
Belgium
buffer between France and Germany
-2 languages; don’t like each other (French and Flemish)
-if can’t overcome language barrier, cant integrate (LANGUAGE IS KEY)
why does EU exist now?
-France and Germany main driving force of EU
-single market
-currency
-no wars
-peace, prosperity, democracy
a peaceful Europe
-roots of EU laid in WW2
-wanted to end the bloody wars between neighbors
-70-85 million people died (3% of world pop)
-1946; Winston Churchill called for a "kind of united states of Europe"
-1948 marshal plan; aid western Europe after ww2 from US to create strong trade partners
1949 council of Europe
-first step toward cooperation between Europe states
1951 European Coal and Steel Community treaty
based on the
Schuman plan, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg (6) signed
the European Coal and Steel Community treaty
to run their coal
and steel industries under a common management (Treaty of
Paris).
common market created by treaty of Rome
, -1957; expanded passed just steel and coal; move to economic
-established the European commission
-created the European economic community "common market"
-the revolutionary vision was free movement for people, goods and services
-created common agriculture policy
Common Agricultural Policy 1962
-joint control over food production
-food security
-farmers paid same price
-soon there was a surplus of food
customs union July 1968
the six founding members removed
customs duties
on goods imported from each other, allowing free cross border trade
for the first time.
-no customs duties or quotas at internal borders b/w EU member states
-common customs duties on imports from outside the EU
-common rules of origin for products from outside the EU
-common definition of customs value
-no Free Trade
Agreement where
Member states set their own import tariffs for goods from outside
single European market 1993
-4 freedoms; goods, services, capital, people
-benefits do not always materialize because rules are not always applied and could be under minded by
other barriers
a functioning single market
-stimulates competition and trade
-improves efficiency, raises quality, and helps cut prices
EU position in global markets
-2nd largest economy after china
-represents 22% of nominal global gap
-world’s largest trading block
-first in both inbound and outbound investments
-top trading partner for 80 countries
-US only top partner for 20 countries
euro introduced 1999