INST 301 Exam 1 Indigenous Education
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careful / diligent collection of information; investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery or
interpretation of facts and revision of accepted theories or laws in light of new facts
CRAAP
Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose when evaluating sources
correlation (positive, negative, none)
• correlation: association between two things
• positive correlation: as X ↑ , Y ↑
-> ex: popsicle consumption and temperature
• negative (inverse) correlation: as X ↑ , Y ↓
-> ex: elevation and temperature
• no correlation: no relationship between X and Y
-> people's first language and favorite color
hypothesis
a statement that shows a relationship between things; educated, testable prediction of what we think
will happen
Nazi experiments (and research based problems)
• during WWII, Nazi doctors conducted around 30 experiments on concentration-camp inmates
-> ex: high altitude, sulfanilamide, twin studies, freezing water, sea water, and bone, muscle, and joint
transplantations
• problems: findings were mostly redundant, research was conducted carelessly, participants were not
representative of the general population, experiments could not be duplicated
Lost in the Mall Experiment (what % believed her?)
Elizabeth Loftus, testing efficacy of planting false memories, 25% belief rate
Beneficience (Belmont Report)
researchers must do no harm, maximizing benefits and minimizing risks to the participants
IRB's definition of research
, a systematic investigation (i.e. the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop or
contribute to generalizable knowledge
post-positivism
not everything is completely knowable, cares about subjective reality, science can never be truly
objective (there is always bias)
literature review
• summarizes and evaluates the state of knowledge on a topic or research question
• has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis
causal inference
process of drawing a conclusion about a causal relationship (i.e. smoking and lung disease)
variable
something that you are trying to measure in some way
testability (of a hypothesis):
must be testable, about what we think will happen
Milgram's Shock Experiment
• wanted to study obedience to authority; ordered hundreds of volunteers to deliver what they believed
were lethal doses of electricity to an actor who feigned pain and even death
• 66% fully complied
• 3 ethical issues:
-> deception
-> protection of participants
-> right to withdraw
criticisms of ethical guidelines for research with human subjects
ethical individualism, stifles research and discovery, intentionally vague guidelines
IRB's definition of human subjects
actual object of the study "living individual(s) about whom an investigator conducting research obtains:
data through intervention or interaction with the individual and identifiable private information"
explanatory research
• research concerned with identifying relationships among phenomena
• why? cause + effect
3 ways of organizing a literature review
Updated With Correct Answers | 2025
LATEST UPDATED.
Save
Leave the first rating
careful / diligent collection of information; investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery or
interpretation of facts and revision of accepted theories or laws in light of new facts
CRAAP
Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose when evaluating sources
correlation (positive, negative, none)
• correlation: association between two things
• positive correlation: as X ↑ , Y ↑
-> ex: popsicle consumption and temperature
• negative (inverse) correlation: as X ↑ , Y ↓
-> ex: elevation and temperature
• no correlation: no relationship between X and Y
-> people's first language and favorite color
hypothesis
a statement that shows a relationship between things; educated, testable prediction of what we think
will happen
Nazi experiments (and research based problems)
• during WWII, Nazi doctors conducted around 30 experiments on concentration-camp inmates
-> ex: high altitude, sulfanilamide, twin studies, freezing water, sea water, and bone, muscle, and joint
transplantations
• problems: findings were mostly redundant, research was conducted carelessly, participants were not
representative of the general population, experiments could not be duplicated
Lost in the Mall Experiment (what % believed her?)
Elizabeth Loftus, testing efficacy of planting false memories, 25% belief rate
Beneficience (Belmont Report)
researchers must do no harm, maximizing benefits and minimizing risks to the participants
IRB's definition of research
, a systematic investigation (i.e. the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop or
contribute to generalizable knowledge
post-positivism
not everything is completely knowable, cares about subjective reality, science can never be truly
objective (there is always bias)
literature review
• summarizes and evaluates the state of knowledge on a topic or research question
• has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis
causal inference
process of drawing a conclusion about a causal relationship (i.e. smoking and lung disease)
variable
something that you are trying to measure in some way
testability (of a hypothesis):
must be testable, about what we think will happen
Milgram's Shock Experiment
• wanted to study obedience to authority; ordered hundreds of volunteers to deliver what they believed
were lethal doses of electricity to an actor who feigned pain and even death
• 66% fully complied
• 3 ethical issues:
-> deception
-> protection of participants
-> right to withdraw
criticisms of ethical guidelines for research with human subjects
ethical individualism, stifles research and discovery, intentionally vague guidelines
IRB's definition of human subjects
actual object of the study "living individual(s) about whom an investigator conducting research obtains:
data through intervention or interaction with the individual and identifiable private information"
explanatory research
• research concerned with identifying relationships among phenomena
• why? cause + effect
3 ways of organizing a literature review
