NURS 371 PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Drugs
Foreign substances placed into the body
Medications
Chemicals used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease
Pharmacology
The study of drugs and their actions on the body
Types of drug names
Chemical name, Generic name, Official name, Brand name
Main sources of drugs
Plants, animals, minerals, the laboratory (synthetic)
Drug profile
Names, classifications, mechanism of action, indications, pharmacokinetics, side effects/adverse
reactions, routes of administration, contraindications, dosage, how supplied, special considerations
Drug names
Most frequently include the generic and trade names, potentially includes chemical names
Drug classification
The broad group to which the drug belongs
Mechanism of Action
The way in which a drug causes its effect; its pharmacodynamics
Indications
Conditions that make administration of the drug appropriate (as approved by the FDA)
Pharmacokinetics
How the drug is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated; typically includes onset and duration of action
Side effects/Adverse reactions
Untoward or undesired effects
Routes of administration
How the drug is given
, Contraindications
Conditions that make it inappropriate to give the drug; a predictable harmful event that will occur if the
drug is given in this situation
Dosage
The amount of the drug that should be given
How supplied
Includes the common concentrations of the available preparations; many drugs come in different
concentrations
Special considerations
How the drug may affect pediatric, geriatric, or pregnant patients
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
enacted to improve the quality and labeling of drugs, named the United States Pharmacopeia as this
country's official source for drug information
Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914
Limited the indiscriminate use of addicting drugs by regulating the importation, manufacture, sale, and
use of opium, cocaine, and their compounds or derivatives
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Empowered the FDA to enforce and set premarket safety standards for drugs
Durham-Humphrey Amendments of 1951
Required pharmacists to have either a written or verbal prescription from a physician to dispense certain
drugs. Also created the category of over-the-counter medications
Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962
Required pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide proof of the safety and effectiveness of their drugs
before being granted approval to produce and market the products. Also stopped the process of
remarketing inexpensive generic drugs under new "trade names"
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (Controlled Substances Act)
Repealed and replaced the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914;
5 schedules of controlled substances
Schedule I
High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; no accepted medical indications; used for
research, analysis, or instruction only
Ex.: Heroin, LSD, Mescaline
LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Drugs
Foreign substances placed into the body
Medications
Chemicals used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease
Pharmacology
The study of drugs and their actions on the body
Types of drug names
Chemical name, Generic name, Official name, Brand name
Main sources of drugs
Plants, animals, minerals, the laboratory (synthetic)
Drug profile
Names, classifications, mechanism of action, indications, pharmacokinetics, side effects/adverse
reactions, routes of administration, contraindications, dosage, how supplied, special considerations
Drug names
Most frequently include the generic and trade names, potentially includes chemical names
Drug classification
The broad group to which the drug belongs
Mechanism of Action
The way in which a drug causes its effect; its pharmacodynamics
Indications
Conditions that make administration of the drug appropriate (as approved by the FDA)
Pharmacokinetics
How the drug is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated; typically includes onset and duration of action
Side effects/Adverse reactions
Untoward or undesired effects
Routes of administration
How the drug is given
, Contraindications
Conditions that make it inappropriate to give the drug; a predictable harmful event that will occur if the
drug is given in this situation
Dosage
The amount of the drug that should be given
How supplied
Includes the common concentrations of the available preparations; many drugs come in different
concentrations
Special considerations
How the drug may affect pediatric, geriatric, or pregnant patients
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
enacted to improve the quality and labeling of drugs, named the United States Pharmacopeia as this
country's official source for drug information
Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914
Limited the indiscriminate use of addicting drugs by regulating the importation, manufacture, sale, and
use of opium, cocaine, and their compounds or derivatives
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Empowered the FDA to enforce and set premarket safety standards for drugs
Durham-Humphrey Amendments of 1951
Required pharmacists to have either a written or verbal prescription from a physician to dispense certain
drugs. Also created the category of over-the-counter medications
Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962
Required pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide proof of the safety and effectiveness of their drugs
before being granted approval to produce and market the products. Also stopped the process of
remarketing inexpensive generic drugs under new "trade names"
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (Controlled Substances Act)
Repealed and replaced the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914;
5 schedules of controlled substances
Schedule I
High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; no accepted medical indications; used for
research, analysis, or instruction only
Ex.: Heroin, LSD, Mescaline
