PED1003 - ADME EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
What are the 2 types of drug movement?
Bulk flow - 99% bound to plasma proteins in the blood (chemical nature as no effect)
Diffusion across barriers - GI, BBB (chemical nature has big effect)
What is drug absorption?
The transfer of exogenous compound from the site of administration into the systemic
circulation (plasma)?
What are the 6 routes of drug administration?
Oral/rectal, intravenous, percutaneous (skin), intrathecal (CSF), intramuscular,
inhalation
How do water soluble drugs cross cell membranes?
They're lipophobic, so can only pass by aqueous channels
What properties of drugs allow them to easily diffuse across the membrane?
Unionised, lipid soluble drugs
How do charged, hydrophobic drugs pass through the plasma membranes?
Pass through carrier/channel proteins down an electrochemical gradient (requires ATP)
What is the main route of drug delivery?
Oral route
, Why are drugs not absorbed in the stomach?
The gastric acid ionised the drugs, and ionised drugs are poorly absorbed
What is first pass metabolism?
A high % of drug is lost due to metabolic inactivation
What is enterohepatic recirculation?
Gut - blood - liver - gall bladder - bile - small intestine, allows the drugs to stay in the
body for longer
How are drugs absorbed by the oral route?
In the small intestines, enterocytes of epithelium contain metabolic enzymes
(transporters and drug metabolising enzymes)
What are CYPs and UGTs an example of?
Solute carrier proteins of the small intestines which require no energy
When is IV abets used?
If the drug is poorly absorbed, unstable, metabolised by the GI tract, or if rapid action
needed and high dose control
What are 4 examples where first pass metabolism is avoided?
Rectal (2/3), inhalation, vaginal, sublingual (tongue)
What is Tmax?
The time taken to reach max drug concentration
What is Cmax?
The maximum concentration of a drug in the plasma
What is the AUC of a Cp/time graph a measure of?
A measure of total systemic exposure
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
What are the 2 types of drug movement?
Bulk flow - 99% bound to plasma proteins in the blood (chemical nature as no effect)
Diffusion across barriers - GI, BBB (chemical nature has big effect)
What is drug absorption?
The transfer of exogenous compound from the site of administration into the systemic
circulation (plasma)?
What are the 6 routes of drug administration?
Oral/rectal, intravenous, percutaneous (skin), intrathecal (CSF), intramuscular,
inhalation
How do water soluble drugs cross cell membranes?
They're lipophobic, so can only pass by aqueous channels
What properties of drugs allow them to easily diffuse across the membrane?
Unionised, lipid soluble drugs
How do charged, hydrophobic drugs pass through the plasma membranes?
Pass through carrier/channel proteins down an electrochemical gradient (requires ATP)
What is the main route of drug delivery?
Oral route
, Why are drugs not absorbed in the stomach?
The gastric acid ionised the drugs, and ionised drugs are poorly absorbed
What is first pass metabolism?
A high % of drug is lost due to metabolic inactivation
What is enterohepatic recirculation?
Gut - blood - liver - gall bladder - bile - small intestine, allows the drugs to stay in the
body for longer
How are drugs absorbed by the oral route?
In the small intestines, enterocytes of epithelium contain metabolic enzymes
(transporters and drug metabolising enzymes)
What are CYPs and UGTs an example of?
Solute carrier proteins of the small intestines which require no energy
When is IV abets used?
If the drug is poorly absorbed, unstable, metabolised by the GI tract, or if rapid action
needed and high dose control
What are 4 examples where first pass metabolism is avoided?
Rectal (2/3), inhalation, vaginal, sublingual (tongue)
What is Tmax?
The time taken to reach max drug concentration
What is Cmax?
The maximum concentration of a drug in the plasma
What is the AUC of a Cp/time graph a measure of?
A measure of total systemic exposure
