PED1003 PHARMACOLOGY LECTURE 21 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is inflammation?
The local accumulation of fluid containing plasma proteins and WBCs
Is inflammation specific or non-specific?
non-specific
Is inflammation an immediate response?
Yes
What is the aims of inflammation?
- Restrict damage or infection to localised area
- Remove causative agent and damaged tissue
- Promote immune cell access to site
Is inflammation in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd line of defence against an infection?
2nd
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Heat, erythema, oedema, pain and loss of function
What is erythema?
redness of the skin
What is oedema?
swelling
What are the steps in creating inflammation?
, 1. Bacteria triggers macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines
2. Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
3. Inflammatory cells migrate to tissue and inflammatory mediators released
What causes pain in inflammation?
prostaglandins (inflammatory mediators)
What cells are recruited in inflammation?
Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells
What are the 4 stages of inflammation?
Tissue damage, vasodilation, cell recruitment, tissue repair
What are eicosanoids?
biologically active lipids that are signalling molecules
How are eicosanoids made?
By enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid
What are the 2 subgroups of eicosanoids?
Prostanoids and leukotrienes
What type of eicosanoids are prostaglandins and thromboxane?
Prostanoids
When membrane phospholipids are cleaved, what is formed?
arachidonic acid
What does cyclo-oxygenase (COX) do to Arachidonic acid from membrane
phospholipids?
Cleaves it into an intermediate prostaglandin (PGH2)
What is PGH2 broken into?
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is inflammation?
The local accumulation of fluid containing plasma proteins and WBCs
Is inflammation specific or non-specific?
non-specific
Is inflammation an immediate response?
Yes
What is the aims of inflammation?
- Restrict damage or infection to localised area
- Remove causative agent and damaged tissue
- Promote immune cell access to site
Is inflammation in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd line of defence against an infection?
2nd
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Heat, erythema, oedema, pain and loss of function
What is erythema?
redness of the skin
What is oedema?
swelling
What are the steps in creating inflammation?
, 1. Bacteria triggers macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines
2. Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
3. Inflammatory cells migrate to tissue and inflammatory mediators released
What causes pain in inflammation?
prostaglandins (inflammatory mediators)
What cells are recruited in inflammation?
Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells
What are the 4 stages of inflammation?
Tissue damage, vasodilation, cell recruitment, tissue repair
What are eicosanoids?
biologically active lipids that are signalling molecules
How are eicosanoids made?
By enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid
What are the 2 subgroups of eicosanoids?
Prostanoids and leukotrienes
What type of eicosanoids are prostaglandins and thromboxane?
Prostanoids
When membrane phospholipids are cleaved, what is formed?
arachidonic acid
What does cyclo-oxygenase (COX) do to Arachidonic acid from membrane
phospholipids?
Cleaves it into an intermediate prostaglandin (PGH2)
What is PGH2 broken into?
