PED1003 PHARMACOLOGY LECTURE 17-18 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE

PED1003 PHARMACOLOGY LECTURE 17-18 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE What are the 3 main sex hormones? Oestrogen Testosterone Progesterone What do hormones control and regulate? Reproduction Metabolism Growth/development Body Temperature Body defences Warer levels There are over ____ different types of hormones at work in our bodies at a given time 50 What is homeostasis? Maintaining a stable internal environment What are the examples of when hormones go wrong? Diabetes Cancer Gigantism Cushing's disease Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) What is a hormone? A chemical/protein synthesised by specific tissues and secreted into the blood stream, whereby it is carried to non-adjacent sites in the body and exerts its actions. What is the definition of endocrine? Internal secretion What are examples of primary endocrine glands? Pituitary Adrenal gland Pancreas Thyroid Ovaries/testes Hypothalamus What are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland? anterior and posterior What does the hypothalamus do? secretes hormones to regulate the pituitary What does the pituitary gland do? Secretes hormones to regulate other glands in the endocrine system. What does the pancreas secrete? insulin and glucagon What do adrenal glands secrete? cortisol, aldosterone and catecholamines What are the 2 main classes of hormones? steroid and non-steroid What are steroid hormones derived from? cholesterol What class of hormones are cortisol, oestrogen, testosterone and progesterone? steroid What are the physical properties of steroid hormones? and what does this mean they can do? Lipophilic and hydrophobic, so can pass through cell membranes easily Where do steroid hormones work? Inside cells What receptors do steroid hormones bind to? intracellular receptors How do steroid hormones work? They bind to DNA to recruit RNA polymerase to initiate transcription (control gene expression) Are the actions of steroid hormones fast or slow? Slow What are non-steroid hormones derived from?