NURSINGTB.COM
,Chapter .01: .Cellular .Biology
MULTIPLE .CHOICE
1. A .student .is .observing .a .cell .under .the .microscope. .It .is .observed .to .have .supercoiled
.DNA .with .histones. .Which .of .the .following .would .also .be .observed .by .the .student? .a.
.A .single .circular .chromosome
b. A .nucleus
c. Free-floating .nuclear .material
ANS: .B
The .cell .described .is .a .eukaryotic .cell, .so .it .has .histones .and .a .supercoiled .DNA .within .its
.nucleus; .thus, .the .nucleus .should .be .observed. .A .single .circular .chromosome .called .a
.prokaryote .contains .free-floating .nuclear .material .but .has .no .organelles.
REF: .p. .2
2. A .nurse .is .instructing .the .staff .about .cellular .functions. .Which .cellular .function .is .the
.nurse .describing .when .an .isolated .cell .absorbs .oxygen .and .uses .it .to .transform .nutrients .to
.energy?
a. Metabolic .absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: .D NURSINGTB.COM
The .cell’s .ability .to .absorb .oxygen .is .referred .to .as .respiration .while .its .communication .ability
.involves .maintenance .of .a .steady .dynamic .state, .metabolic .absorption .provides .nutrition, .and
.secretion .allows .for .the .synthesizing .of .new .substances.
REF: .p. .2
3. A .eukaryotic .cell .is .undergoing .DNA .replication. .In .which .region .of .the .cell .would .most .of
.the .genetic .information .be .contained?
a. Mitochondria
NURSINGTB.COM
, b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus .Cytoplasm
ANS: .C
The .region .of .the .cell .that .contains .genetic .material, .including .a .large .amount .of .ribonucleic
.acid, .most .of .the .DNA, .and .DNA-binding .proteins, .is .the .nucleolus, .which .is .located .within
.the .cell’s .nucleus. .Mitochondria .is .associated .with .cellular .respiration, .while .ribosomes .are
.involved .with .protein .manufacturing. .Cytoplasm .is .a .fluid .filling .that .is .a .component .of .the
.cell.
REF: .p. .2
4. Which .of .the .following .can .remove .proteins .attached .to .the .cell’s .bilayer .by .dissolving .the .layer
itself?
a. Peripheral .membrane .proteins
b. Integral .membrane .proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell .adhesion .molecules
ANS: .B
Proteins .directly .attached .to .the .membrane .bilayer .can .be .removed .by .the .action .of .integral
.membrane .proteins .that .dissolve .the .bilayer. .Peripheral .membrane .proteins .reside .at .the
.surface .while .cell .adhesion .molecules .are .on .the .outside .of .the .membrane. .Glycoprotein
.marks .cells .and .does .not .float.
REF: .p. .7
5. Which .of .the .following .can .bind .to .plasma .membrane .receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic .lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: .D
Ligands .are .the .only .specific .molecules .that .can .bind .with .receptors .on .the .cell .membrane.
REF: .p. .9
6. A .nurse .is .reviewing .a .report .from .a .patient .with .metastatic .cancer. .What .alternation .in .the
extracellular .matrix .would .support .the .diagnosis .of .metastatic .cancer?a. NURSINGTB.COM
NURSINGTB.COM
, Decreased .fibronectin
b. Increased .collagen
c. Decreased .elastin
d. Increased .glycoproteins
ANS: .A
Only .a .reduced .amount .of .fibronectin .is .found .in .some .types .of .cancerous .cells, .allowing
.them .to .travel .or .metastasize.
REF: .p. .10
7. Which .form .of .cell .communication .is .used .to .relate .to .other .cells .in .direct .physical .contact? .a.
.Cell .junction
b. Gap .junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight .junction
ANS: .A
Cell .junctions .hold .cells .together .and .permit .molecules .to .pass .from .cell .to .cell.
Gap .junctions .allow .for .cellular .communication .between .cells. .Neither .desmosomes .nor .tight
.junctions .are .associated .with .cellular .communication.
REF: .p. .11
8. Pancreatic .beta .cells .secrete .insulin, .which .inhibits .secretion .of .glucagon .from .neighboring
.alpha .cells. .This .action .is .an .example .of .which .of .the .following .signaling .types? .a. .Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: .A
Paracrine .signaling .involves .the .release .of .local .chemical .mediators .that .are .quickly .taken .up,
.destroyed, .or .immobilized, .as .in .the .case .of .insulin .and .the .inhibition .of .the .secretion .of .glucagon.
.None .of .the .other .options .involve .signaling .that .is .associated .with .a .local .chemical .mediator .like
.insulin.
REF: .p. .12
9. In .cellular .metabolism, .each .enzyme .has .a .high .affinity .for .a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
NURSINGTB.COM
,Chapter .01: .Cellular .Biology
MULTIPLE .CHOICE
1. A .student .is .observing .a .cell .under .the .microscope. .It .is .observed .to .have .supercoiled
.DNA .with .histones. .Which .of .the .following .would .also .be .observed .by .the .student? .a.
.A .single .circular .chromosome
b. A .nucleus
c. Free-floating .nuclear .material
ANS: .B
The .cell .described .is .a .eukaryotic .cell, .so .it .has .histones .and .a .supercoiled .DNA .within .its
.nucleus; .thus, .the .nucleus .should .be .observed. .A .single .circular .chromosome .called .a
.prokaryote .contains .free-floating .nuclear .material .but .has .no .organelles.
REF: .p. .2
2. A .nurse .is .instructing .the .staff .about .cellular .functions. .Which .cellular .function .is .the
.nurse .describing .when .an .isolated .cell .absorbs .oxygen .and .uses .it .to .transform .nutrients .to
.energy?
a. Metabolic .absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: .D NURSINGTB.COM
The .cell’s .ability .to .absorb .oxygen .is .referred .to .as .respiration .while .its .communication .ability
.involves .maintenance .of .a .steady .dynamic .state, .metabolic .absorption .provides .nutrition, .and
.secretion .allows .for .the .synthesizing .of .new .substances.
REF: .p. .2
3. A .eukaryotic .cell .is .undergoing .DNA .replication. .In .which .region .of .the .cell .would .most .of
.the .genetic .information .be .contained?
a. Mitochondria
NURSINGTB.COM
, b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus .Cytoplasm
ANS: .C
The .region .of .the .cell .that .contains .genetic .material, .including .a .large .amount .of .ribonucleic
.acid, .most .of .the .DNA, .and .DNA-binding .proteins, .is .the .nucleolus, .which .is .located .within
.the .cell’s .nucleus. .Mitochondria .is .associated .with .cellular .respiration, .while .ribosomes .are
.involved .with .protein .manufacturing. .Cytoplasm .is .a .fluid .filling .that .is .a .component .of .the
.cell.
REF: .p. .2
4. Which .of .the .following .can .remove .proteins .attached .to .the .cell’s .bilayer .by .dissolving .the .layer
itself?
a. Peripheral .membrane .proteins
b. Integral .membrane .proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell .adhesion .molecules
ANS: .B
Proteins .directly .attached .to .the .membrane .bilayer .can .be .removed .by .the .action .of .integral
.membrane .proteins .that .dissolve .the .bilayer. .Peripheral .membrane .proteins .reside .at .the
.surface .while .cell .adhesion .molecules .are .on .the .outside .of .the .membrane. .Glycoprotein
.marks .cells .and .does .not .float.
REF: .p. .7
5. Which .of .the .following .can .bind .to .plasma .membrane .receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic .lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: .D
Ligands .are .the .only .specific .molecules .that .can .bind .with .receptors .on .the .cell .membrane.
REF: .p. .9
6. A .nurse .is .reviewing .a .report .from .a .patient .with .metastatic .cancer. .What .alternation .in .the
extracellular .matrix .would .support .the .diagnosis .of .metastatic .cancer?a. NURSINGTB.COM
NURSINGTB.COM
, Decreased .fibronectin
b. Increased .collagen
c. Decreased .elastin
d. Increased .glycoproteins
ANS: .A
Only .a .reduced .amount .of .fibronectin .is .found .in .some .types .of .cancerous .cells, .allowing
.them .to .travel .or .metastasize.
REF: .p. .10
7. Which .form .of .cell .communication .is .used .to .relate .to .other .cells .in .direct .physical .contact? .a.
.Cell .junction
b. Gap .junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight .junction
ANS: .A
Cell .junctions .hold .cells .together .and .permit .molecules .to .pass .from .cell .to .cell.
Gap .junctions .allow .for .cellular .communication .between .cells. .Neither .desmosomes .nor .tight
.junctions .are .associated .with .cellular .communication.
REF: .p. .11
8. Pancreatic .beta .cells .secrete .insulin, .which .inhibits .secretion .of .glucagon .from .neighboring
.alpha .cells. .This .action .is .an .example .of .which .of .the .following .signaling .types? .a. .Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: .A
Paracrine .signaling .involves .the .release .of .local .chemical .mediators .that .are .quickly .taken .up,
.destroyed, .or .immobilized, .as .in .the .case .of .insulin .and .the .inhibition .of .the .secretion .of .glucagon.
.None .of .the .other .options .involve .signaling .that .is .associated .with .a .local .chemical .mediator .like
.insulin.
REF: .p. .12
9. In .cellular .metabolism, .each .enzyme .has .a .high .affinity .for .a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
NURSINGTB.COM
