NUR3125 Exam 1 Study Guide Exam And
Actual Answers.
Inflame - Answer -to set fire
Inflammation is... - Answer -a dynamic response of vascularized tissue injury
-protective response
Inflammation purpose - Answer -serves to bring defense and healing mechanisms to the site of injury
What is inflammation? - Answer -a reaction of a liveing tissue and its micro-circulation to pathogenic
insult
-a defense mechanism for survivial
Reaction of tissues to injury, characterized clinically by: - Answer -heat
-swelling
-redness
-pain
-loss of function
Reaction of tissues to injury, characterized pathologically by: - Answer -vasoconstriction followed by
vasodilation
-statsis
-hyperemia
-accumulation of leukocytes
-exudation of fluid
-deposition of fibrin
Vasoconstriction - Answer -constriction of blood vessels to decrease blood flow
,Vasodialation - Answer -increase blood flow
When does the site turn red? - Answer -vasodialation
How does inflammation occur? - Answer -the vascular and cellular responses of inflammation are
mediated by chemical factors (derived from blood plasma or some cells) and triggered by inflammatory
stimulus
Tissue injury or death -> - Answer -release mediators
Microbial infections - Answer -bacterial
-viral
-fungal etc.
Physical agents - Answer -burns
-trauma (like cuts)
-radiation
Chemicals - Answer -drugs
-toxins
-caustic substances (like battery acid)
Immunologic reactions - Answer -rheumatoid arthritis
Sepsis - Answer -when bacteria gets into our blood
Cardinal signs of inflammation - Answer -redness
-warm
,-pain (nerve, chemical mediators)
-swelling
-loss of function (pain)
Hyperemia - Answer -redness
Callor - Answer -warm to touch
Exudation - Answer -swelling
Acute inflammation time frame - Answer -less than 48 hours
-mostly helpful
Chronic inflammation time frame - Answer -greater than 48 hours (weeks, months, years)
-often becomes part of the problem
Acute inflammation cells - Answer -neutrophils
Chronic inflammation cells - Answer -mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocyte, plasma cells)
How does the immune system play a central role in inflammation? - Answer -signals immune system
where the problem is
Three main processes occur at the site of inflammation, due to the release of chemical mediators: -
Answer -increased blood flow (redness and warmth)
-increased vascular permeability (swelling, pain, loss of function)
-leukocytic infiltration
Mechanisms of inflammation - Answer -vasodilatation
, -exudation - edema
-emigration of cells
-chemotaxis
Exudation occurs when... - Answer -we have increased vascular permeability
-swelling is part of the healing proccess
Chemotaxis - Answer -begins to signal immune system to get appropriate parts involved
Manifestations of acute inflammation - Answer -vascular dilation and increased blood flow (causing
erythema and warmth)
-extravasation and deposition of plasma fluid and proteins (edema)
-leukocyte emigration and accumulation in the site of injury
Changes in vascular flow (hemodynamic changes) - Answer -slowing of the circulation
-leukocyte margination
Slowing of the circulation - Answer -out pouring of albumin rich fluid into the extravascular tissues
results in the concentration of RBCs in small vessels and increased viscosity of blood
Leukocyte margination - Answer -neutrophil become oriented at the periphery of vessels and start to
stick
Lymphatics are responsible for... - Answer -draining edema
Edema - Answer -an excess of fluid in the interstitial tissue or serous cavities; either a transudate or an
exudate
Transudate edema - Answer -an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma
-permeability of endothelium is usually norma
Actual Answers.
Inflame - Answer -to set fire
Inflammation is... - Answer -a dynamic response of vascularized tissue injury
-protective response
Inflammation purpose - Answer -serves to bring defense and healing mechanisms to the site of injury
What is inflammation? - Answer -a reaction of a liveing tissue and its micro-circulation to pathogenic
insult
-a defense mechanism for survivial
Reaction of tissues to injury, characterized clinically by: - Answer -heat
-swelling
-redness
-pain
-loss of function
Reaction of tissues to injury, characterized pathologically by: - Answer -vasoconstriction followed by
vasodilation
-statsis
-hyperemia
-accumulation of leukocytes
-exudation of fluid
-deposition of fibrin
Vasoconstriction - Answer -constriction of blood vessels to decrease blood flow
,Vasodialation - Answer -increase blood flow
When does the site turn red? - Answer -vasodialation
How does inflammation occur? - Answer -the vascular and cellular responses of inflammation are
mediated by chemical factors (derived from blood plasma or some cells) and triggered by inflammatory
stimulus
Tissue injury or death -> - Answer -release mediators
Microbial infections - Answer -bacterial
-viral
-fungal etc.
Physical agents - Answer -burns
-trauma (like cuts)
-radiation
Chemicals - Answer -drugs
-toxins
-caustic substances (like battery acid)
Immunologic reactions - Answer -rheumatoid arthritis
Sepsis - Answer -when bacteria gets into our blood
Cardinal signs of inflammation - Answer -redness
-warm
,-pain (nerve, chemical mediators)
-swelling
-loss of function (pain)
Hyperemia - Answer -redness
Callor - Answer -warm to touch
Exudation - Answer -swelling
Acute inflammation time frame - Answer -less than 48 hours
-mostly helpful
Chronic inflammation time frame - Answer -greater than 48 hours (weeks, months, years)
-often becomes part of the problem
Acute inflammation cells - Answer -neutrophils
Chronic inflammation cells - Answer -mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocyte, plasma cells)
How does the immune system play a central role in inflammation? - Answer -signals immune system
where the problem is
Three main processes occur at the site of inflammation, due to the release of chemical mediators: -
Answer -increased blood flow (redness and warmth)
-increased vascular permeability (swelling, pain, loss of function)
-leukocytic infiltration
Mechanisms of inflammation - Answer -vasodilatation
, -exudation - edema
-emigration of cells
-chemotaxis
Exudation occurs when... - Answer -we have increased vascular permeability
-swelling is part of the healing proccess
Chemotaxis - Answer -begins to signal immune system to get appropriate parts involved
Manifestations of acute inflammation - Answer -vascular dilation and increased blood flow (causing
erythema and warmth)
-extravasation and deposition of plasma fluid and proteins (edema)
-leukocyte emigration and accumulation in the site of injury
Changes in vascular flow (hemodynamic changes) - Answer -slowing of the circulation
-leukocyte margination
Slowing of the circulation - Answer -out pouring of albumin rich fluid into the extravascular tissues
results in the concentration of RBCs in small vessels and increased viscosity of blood
Leukocyte margination - Answer -neutrophil become oriented at the periphery of vessels and start to
stick
Lymphatics are responsible for... - Answer -draining edema
Edema - Answer -an excess of fluid in the interstitial tissue or serous cavities; either a transudate or an
exudate
Transudate edema - Answer -an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma
-permeability of endothelium is usually norma
