,Chapter .1; .Basic .Terms .and .Concepts .of .Mechanical
.Ventilation .Test .Bank
MULTIPLE .CHOICE
1. The .body’s .mechanism .for .conducting .air .in .and .out .of .the
.lungs .is .known .as .which .of .the .following?
a. External .respiration
b. Internal .respiration
c. Spontaneous .ventilation
d. Mechanical . ventilation
ANS: .C
The .conduction .of .air .in .and .out .of .the .body .is .known .as
.ventilation. .Since .the .question .asks .for .the .body’s .mechanism,
.this .would .be .spontaneous .ventilation. .External .respiration
.involves .the .exchange .of .oxygen .(O2) .and .carbon .dioxide .(CO2)
.between .the .alveoli .and .the .pulmonary .capillaries. .Internal
.respiration .occurs .at .the .cellular .level .and .involves .movement
.of .oxygen .from .the .systemic .blood .into .the .cells.
DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .3
2. Which .of .the .following .are .involved .in .external .respiration?
a. Red . blood .cells . and . body .cells
b. Scalenes .and .trapezius
muscles
c. Alveoli .and .pulmonary
capillaries
d. External .oblique .and
transverse . abdominal . muscles
ANS: .C
External .respiration .involves .the .exchange .of .oxygen .and
.carbon .dioxide .(CO2) .between .the .alveoli .and .the .pulmonary
.capillaries. .Internal .respiration .occurs .at .the .cellular .level .and
.involves .movement .of .oxygen .from .the .systemic .blood .into .the
.cells.
Scalene .and .trapezius .muscles .are .accessory .muscles .of
.inspiration. .External .oblique .and .transverse .abdominal .muscles
.are .accessory .muscles .of .expiration.
, DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .3
3. The .graph .that .shows .intrapleural .pressure .changes
.during .normal .spontaneous .breathing .is .depicted .by
.which .of .the .following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: .B
During .spontaneous .breathing .the .intrapleural .pressure .drops
.from .about .-5 .cm .H2O .at .end-expiration .to .about .-10 .cm .H2O
.at .end-inspiration. .The .graph .depicted .for .answer .B .shows
.that .change .from .-5 .cm .H2O .to .-10 .cm .H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .4
4. During . spontaneous . inspiration . alveolar . pressure . (PA) . is . about:
.
a. - .1 .cm .H2O
b. + .1 .cm .H2O
c. 0 .cm .H2O
d. 5 .cm .H2O
ANS: .A
-1 .cm .H2O .is .the .lowest .alveolar .pressure .will .become .during
.normal .spontaneous .ventilation. .During .the .exhalation .of .a
. normal .spontaneous .breath .the .alveolar .pressure .will .become
.+1 .cm .H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .3
5. The .pressure .required .to .maintain .alveolar .inflation .is .known
.as .which .of .the .following?
a. Transairway .pressure .(PTA .)
b. Transthoracic .pressure .(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory .pressure .(PTR)
, d. Transpulmonary . pressure . (PL)
ANS: .D
The .definition .of .transpulmonary .pressure .(PL) .is .the .pressure
.required .to .maintain .alveolar .inflation. .Transairway .pressure
.(PTA .) .is .the .pressure .gradient .required .to .produce .airflow .in
.the .conducting .tubes. .Transrespiratory .pressure .(PTR) .is .the
.pressure .to .inflate .the .lungs .and .airways .during .positive
.pressure .ventilation. .Transthoracic .pressure .(PTT) .represents .the
.pressure .required .to .expand .or .contract .the .lungs .and .the
.chest .wall .at .the .same .time.
DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .3
6. Calculate .the .pressure .needed .to .overcome .airway .resistance
.during .positive .pressure .ventilation .when .the .proximal .airway
.pressure .(PAw) .is .35 .cm .H2O .and .the .alveolar .pressure .(PA) .is .5
.cm .H2O.
a. 7 .cm .H2O
b. 30 .cm .H2O
c. 40 .cm .H2O
d. 175 .cm .H2O
ANS: .B
The .transairway .pressure .(PTA .) .is .used .to .calculate .the
.pressure .required .to .overcome .airway .resistance .during
.mechanical .ventilation. .This .formula .is .PTA .= .Paw .- .PA.
DIF: 2 REF: . pg. .3
7. The .term .used .to .describe .the .tendency .of .a .structure .to .return
.to .its .original .form .after .being .stretched .or .acted .on .by .an
.outside .force .is .which .of .the .following?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous .resistance
d. Distending .pressure
.Ventilation .Test .Bank
MULTIPLE .CHOICE
1. The .body’s .mechanism .for .conducting .air .in .and .out .of .the
.lungs .is .known .as .which .of .the .following?
a. External .respiration
b. Internal .respiration
c. Spontaneous .ventilation
d. Mechanical . ventilation
ANS: .C
The .conduction .of .air .in .and .out .of .the .body .is .known .as
.ventilation. .Since .the .question .asks .for .the .body’s .mechanism,
.this .would .be .spontaneous .ventilation. .External .respiration
.involves .the .exchange .of .oxygen .(O2) .and .carbon .dioxide .(CO2)
.between .the .alveoli .and .the .pulmonary .capillaries. .Internal
.respiration .occurs .at .the .cellular .level .and .involves .movement
.of .oxygen .from .the .systemic .blood .into .the .cells.
DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .3
2. Which .of .the .following .are .involved .in .external .respiration?
a. Red . blood .cells . and . body .cells
b. Scalenes .and .trapezius
muscles
c. Alveoli .and .pulmonary
capillaries
d. External .oblique .and
transverse . abdominal . muscles
ANS: .C
External .respiration .involves .the .exchange .of .oxygen .and
.carbon .dioxide .(CO2) .between .the .alveoli .and .the .pulmonary
.capillaries. .Internal .respiration .occurs .at .the .cellular .level .and
.involves .movement .of .oxygen .from .the .systemic .blood .into .the
.cells.
Scalene .and .trapezius .muscles .are .accessory .muscles .of
.inspiration. .External .oblique .and .transverse .abdominal .muscles
.are .accessory .muscles .of .expiration.
, DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .3
3. The .graph .that .shows .intrapleural .pressure .changes
.during .normal .spontaneous .breathing .is .depicted .by
.which .of .the .following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: .B
During .spontaneous .breathing .the .intrapleural .pressure .drops
.from .about .-5 .cm .H2O .at .end-expiration .to .about .-10 .cm .H2O
.at .end-inspiration. .The .graph .depicted .for .answer .B .shows
.that .change .from .-5 .cm .H2O .to .-10 .cm .H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .4
4. During . spontaneous . inspiration . alveolar . pressure . (PA) . is . about:
.
a. - .1 .cm .H2O
b. + .1 .cm .H2O
c. 0 .cm .H2O
d. 5 .cm .H2O
ANS: .A
-1 .cm .H2O .is .the .lowest .alveolar .pressure .will .become .during
.normal .spontaneous .ventilation. .During .the .exhalation .of .a
. normal .spontaneous .breath .the .alveolar .pressure .will .become
.+1 .cm .H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .3
5. The .pressure .required .to .maintain .alveolar .inflation .is .known
.as .which .of .the .following?
a. Transairway .pressure .(PTA .)
b. Transthoracic .pressure .(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory .pressure .(PTR)
, d. Transpulmonary . pressure . (PL)
ANS: .D
The .definition .of .transpulmonary .pressure .(PL) .is .the .pressure
.required .to .maintain .alveolar .inflation. .Transairway .pressure
.(PTA .) .is .the .pressure .gradient .required .to .produce .airflow .in
.the .conducting .tubes. .Transrespiratory .pressure .(PTR) .is .the
.pressure .to .inflate .the .lungs .and .airways .during .positive
.pressure .ventilation. .Transthoracic .pressure .(PTT) .represents .the
.pressure .required .to .expand .or .contract .the .lungs .and .the
.chest .wall .at .the .same .time.
DIF: 1 REF: . pg. .3
6. Calculate .the .pressure .needed .to .overcome .airway .resistance
.during .positive .pressure .ventilation .when .the .proximal .airway
.pressure .(PAw) .is .35 .cm .H2O .and .the .alveolar .pressure .(PA) .is .5
.cm .H2O.
a. 7 .cm .H2O
b. 30 .cm .H2O
c. 40 .cm .H2O
d. 175 .cm .H2O
ANS: .B
The .transairway .pressure .(PTA .) .is .used .to .calculate .the
.pressure .required .to .overcome .airway .resistance .during
.mechanical .ventilation. .This .formula .is .PTA .= .Paw .- .PA.
DIF: 2 REF: . pg. .3
7. The .term .used .to .describe .the .tendency .of .a .structure .to .return
.to .its .original .form .after .being .stretched .or .acted .on .by .an
.outside .force .is .which .of .the .following?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous .resistance
d. Distending .pressure
