Anatomy and Physiology Lab I
. . . . .
Daniel .McNabney .and .DeLoris .Hesse .
.
.
CBIO2200L, .University .of .Georgia .(GA, .USA) .
. .
,Previous .page .photo .credit .
Bouglé, .Julien. .Le .corps .humain .en .grandeur .naturelle .: .planches .coloriées .et .superposées, .avec .texte
.explicatif. .Paris .: .J. .B. .Baillière .et .fils, .1899. .1 .plate .: .col. .ill. .
Source: . .U.S. .National .Library .of .Medicine. .
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/bougle_home.html .
Introduction .
This .laboratory .manual .was .written .in .2019 .via .an .OER .Revisions .and .Ancillary .Materials .Creation .Mini-
Grant .from .Affordable .Learning .Georgia .(affordablelearninggeorgia.org). .The .goal .of .the .project .is .to .create
.an .open .educational .resource .lab .manual .that .provides .students .in .our .first-semester .large .introductory
.Anatomy .and .Physiology .laboratory .course .(CBIO2200L) .at .the .University .of .Georgia .(GA, .USA) .with .a
.tailored, .low-cost .set .of .course .materials. . .
CBIO2200L .covers .the .structure .and .function .of .several .of .the .body’s .systems .including: . .cells, .tissues, .the
.integumentary .system, .skeletal .system, .muscular .system, .and .nervous .system. . .Emphasis .is .placed .on
.humans .with .some .comparison .to .other .mammals. . .The .overall .goal .of .CBIO2200L .is .to .gain .a .foundational
.understanding .of .the .normal .structure .and .function .of .the .above .systems .of .the .human .body, .not .an .in-
depth .analysis .of .any .single .part .or .system. .The .laboratory .component .is .a .required .and .important .part .of
.the .overall .course .and .labs .both .introduce .new .course .material .and .reinforce .topics .discussed .in .lecture.
.Labs .include .the .identification .of .structures .on .a .variety .of .available .resources .(models, .preserved
.specimens, .and .human .cadavers) .and .demonstration .of .physiological .concepts .through .lab .activities. .
Source .and .Companion .Materials .
Each .lesson .contains .specific .citations .used .during .the .creation .of .course .materials. .The .following .sources
.played .a .major .role .in .the .development .of .this .lab .manual: .
• The .majority .of .background .information .is .a .derivative .of ."Anatomy .and .Physiology" .by .OpenStax
.CNX .used .under .CC .BY .4.0. .Aug .2, .2019. .Access .for .free .at .https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-
andphysiology/pages/1-introduction .
• Histological .resources .and .a .virtual .microscope .via .the .University .of .Michigan .Medical .School: . .
https://histology.medicine.umich.edu/ .
• The .lessons .found .within .this .document .were .uploaded .into .the .digital .learning .platform, .Lt .by
.ADInstruments .(https://www.adinstruments.com/lt). .Lt .is .a .browser-based .learning .platform .that
.allows .our .students .to .interact .with .the .course .materials .via .lab .activities .that .are .not .possible
.with .a .traditional .paper .lab .manual .(ex: . .photo .and .video .activities, .interactive .question .sets,
.etc.). .Lt .also .allows .our .students .to .collect, .analyze, .and .present .human .physiological .data .via
.PowerLab .data .acquisition .systems .(https://www.adinstruments.com/products/powerlab). . .
Acknowledgements .
We .would .like .to .thank .the .following .people .for .their .help .and .support .during .this .project: . .Gabriella .
Sandberg, .Aimee .Williams, .Manashree .Malpe, .Nurgul .Kaya, .Lindsey .Beebe, .Angie .Holliday, .Ann .Massey,
.Rob .Nichols, .Kojo .Mensa-Wilmot, .Robin .Fowler, .Beverly .Martin, .Fall .2019 .CBIO2200L .TAs, .Fall .2019
.CBIO2200L .students. .
. .
,Table .of .Contents .
1. Introduction .to .Anatomy .& .Physiology .
2. Cells .
3. Histology .– .Epithelial .& .Connective .Tissues .
4. Histology .– .Muscle .& .Nervous .Tissues .
5. The .Integumentary .System .
6. Introduction .to .the .Skeletal .System .
7. Introduction .Joints .
8. The .Lower .Limb .– .Bones .
9. The .Lower .Limb .– .Muscles .
10. The .Lower .Limb .– .Joints .
11. The .Lower .Limb .– .Nerves .
12. The .Lower .Limb .– .Movement .
13. The .Upper .Limb .– .Bones .
14. The .Upper .Limb .– .Muscles .
15. The .Upper .Limb .– .Joints .
16. The .Upper .Limb .– .Nerves .
17. The .Upper .Limb .– .Movement .
18. Muscle .Physiology .
19. Axial .Skeleton .
20. Axial .Musculature .
21. Intervertebral .Discs .
22. Central .Nervous .System .– .The .Spinal .Cord .
23. Central .Nervous .System .– .The .Brain .
24. Motor .Control .
25. The .Senses .– .Vision .
26. The .Senses .- .Hearing .
Lesson .1: . .Introduction .to .Anatomy .& .Physiology .
Created .by .Dan .McNabney .
Introduction . .
In .this .lesson .you .will .review .the .basic .organization .scheme .of .the .human .body .and .start .to .develop .the
.language .commonly .used .to .precisely .describe .the .location .of .structures .of .the .human .body. . .
Student .learning .outcomes .(SLOs): .
, By .the .end .of .this .lesson .you .will .be .able .to: .
1. Describe .the .hierarchy .of .organization .of .the .human .body .
2. Demonstrate .and .describe .anatomical .position .
3. Use .directional .terms .to .precisely .describe .the .location .of .structures .on .the .human .body .
4. Demonstrate .and .describe .anatomical .planes .of .section .
5. Identify .the .major .body .cavities .and .provide .examples .of .major .organs .found .in .each .
. .
. . . . .
Daniel .McNabney .and .DeLoris .Hesse .
.
.
CBIO2200L, .University .of .Georgia .(GA, .USA) .
. .
,Previous .page .photo .credit .
Bouglé, .Julien. .Le .corps .humain .en .grandeur .naturelle .: .planches .coloriées .et .superposées, .avec .texte
.explicatif. .Paris .: .J. .B. .Baillière .et .fils, .1899. .1 .plate .: .col. .ill. .
Source: . .U.S. .National .Library .of .Medicine. .
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/bougle_home.html .
Introduction .
This .laboratory .manual .was .written .in .2019 .via .an .OER .Revisions .and .Ancillary .Materials .Creation .Mini-
Grant .from .Affordable .Learning .Georgia .(affordablelearninggeorgia.org). .The .goal .of .the .project .is .to .create
.an .open .educational .resource .lab .manual .that .provides .students .in .our .first-semester .large .introductory
.Anatomy .and .Physiology .laboratory .course .(CBIO2200L) .at .the .University .of .Georgia .(GA, .USA) .with .a
.tailored, .low-cost .set .of .course .materials. . .
CBIO2200L .covers .the .structure .and .function .of .several .of .the .body’s .systems .including: . .cells, .tissues, .the
.integumentary .system, .skeletal .system, .muscular .system, .and .nervous .system. . .Emphasis .is .placed .on
.humans .with .some .comparison .to .other .mammals. . .The .overall .goal .of .CBIO2200L .is .to .gain .a .foundational
.understanding .of .the .normal .structure .and .function .of .the .above .systems .of .the .human .body, .not .an .in-
depth .analysis .of .any .single .part .or .system. .The .laboratory .component .is .a .required .and .important .part .of
.the .overall .course .and .labs .both .introduce .new .course .material .and .reinforce .topics .discussed .in .lecture.
.Labs .include .the .identification .of .structures .on .a .variety .of .available .resources .(models, .preserved
.specimens, .and .human .cadavers) .and .demonstration .of .physiological .concepts .through .lab .activities. .
Source .and .Companion .Materials .
Each .lesson .contains .specific .citations .used .during .the .creation .of .course .materials. .The .following .sources
.played .a .major .role .in .the .development .of .this .lab .manual: .
• The .majority .of .background .information .is .a .derivative .of ."Anatomy .and .Physiology" .by .OpenStax
.CNX .used .under .CC .BY .4.0. .Aug .2, .2019. .Access .for .free .at .https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-
andphysiology/pages/1-introduction .
• Histological .resources .and .a .virtual .microscope .via .the .University .of .Michigan .Medical .School: . .
https://histology.medicine.umich.edu/ .
• The .lessons .found .within .this .document .were .uploaded .into .the .digital .learning .platform, .Lt .by
.ADInstruments .(https://www.adinstruments.com/lt). .Lt .is .a .browser-based .learning .platform .that
.allows .our .students .to .interact .with .the .course .materials .via .lab .activities .that .are .not .possible
.with .a .traditional .paper .lab .manual .(ex: . .photo .and .video .activities, .interactive .question .sets,
.etc.). .Lt .also .allows .our .students .to .collect, .analyze, .and .present .human .physiological .data .via
.PowerLab .data .acquisition .systems .(https://www.adinstruments.com/products/powerlab). . .
Acknowledgements .
We .would .like .to .thank .the .following .people .for .their .help .and .support .during .this .project: . .Gabriella .
Sandberg, .Aimee .Williams, .Manashree .Malpe, .Nurgul .Kaya, .Lindsey .Beebe, .Angie .Holliday, .Ann .Massey,
.Rob .Nichols, .Kojo .Mensa-Wilmot, .Robin .Fowler, .Beverly .Martin, .Fall .2019 .CBIO2200L .TAs, .Fall .2019
.CBIO2200L .students. .
. .
,Table .of .Contents .
1. Introduction .to .Anatomy .& .Physiology .
2. Cells .
3. Histology .– .Epithelial .& .Connective .Tissues .
4. Histology .– .Muscle .& .Nervous .Tissues .
5. The .Integumentary .System .
6. Introduction .to .the .Skeletal .System .
7. Introduction .Joints .
8. The .Lower .Limb .– .Bones .
9. The .Lower .Limb .– .Muscles .
10. The .Lower .Limb .– .Joints .
11. The .Lower .Limb .– .Nerves .
12. The .Lower .Limb .– .Movement .
13. The .Upper .Limb .– .Bones .
14. The .Upper .Limb .– .Muscles .
15. The .Upper .Limb .– .Joints .
16. The .Upper .Limb .– .Nerves .
17. The .Upper .Limb .– .Movement .
18. Muscle .Physiology .
19. Axial .Skeleton .
20. Axial .Musculature .
21. Intervertebral .Discs .
22. Central .Nervous .System .– .The .Spinal .Cord .
23. Central .Nervous .System .– .The .Brain .
24. Motor .Control .
25. The .Senses .– .Vision .
26. The .Senses .- .Hearing .
Lesson .1: . .Introduction .to .Anatomy .& .Physiology .
Created .by .Dan .McNabney .
Introduction . .
In .this .lesson .you .will .review .the .basic .organization .scheme .of .the .human .body .and .start .to .develop .the
.language .commonly .used .to .precisely .describe .the .location .of .structures .of .the .human .body. . .
Student .learning .outcomes .(SLOs): .
, By .the .end .of .this .lesson .you .will .be .able .to: .
1. Describe .the .hierarchy .of .organization .of .the .human .body .
2. Demonstrate .and .describe .anatomical .position .
3. Use .directional .terms .to .precisely .describe .the .location .of .structures .on .the .human .body .
4. Demonstrate .and .describe .anatomical .planes .of .section .
5. Identify .the .major .body .cavities .and .provide .examples .of .major .organs .found .in .each .
. .
