THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST VERSION; RATED A+
Risks to healthy child
- poverty
- inadequate care giving
- child abuse
The attachment Connection
as babies are lovingly cared, there is created a set of specific sensory stimuli which are translated into
specific neural activations in areas of the developing brain destined to become responsible for socio-
emotional communication and bonding
Physical Proximity
according to attachment theory, a baby's attachment behavior such s crying, aims at activating the
mother’s caregiving bond
Emotional Proximity
the way a mother responds to her infant's need for security and comfort plays a large role in the shaping
of the child's personality
3 processes whereby early life environments mat affect adult health
-latency effects
-pathway effects
- cumulative affects
Latency effect
- early life development affects adult health independent of intervening experiences
the latency model
- specific biological ( ex-low birth rate) or developmental factors (visual acuity) factors at sensitive
periods in early life have a lifelong impact on health and wellbeing of subsequent living conditions
- something happens in the child's life that will affect them when they become adults
Examples of latency effect
- the link between low birth weight and cardiovascular disease is evidence of a latency effect
- the results from early childhood programs for disadvantages children are consistent with a latency
effect, given their effectiveness in improving adult outcomes even without any attempt to provide them
with special help in the intervening years
- breastfeeding- early exposure to breast milk has a positive effect on a child . as long chain fatty acids
affect brain development and visual acuity
Pathway Effects
,-early life environments sets individuals onto life trajectories that in turn affect health status over time
- children's exposure to risk factors at one point do not have immediate health consequences
Example of pathway effects
it is not an immediate health issue if young children lack readiness to learn as they enter school. But
limited learning ability can lead to experiences that are harmful to one's health in later life such aa lower
educational attainment
Cumulative effects
multiple exposures over the life course, whose health effects combine
the longer the child lives under conditions of material and social deprivation the more likely there are to
show adverse health and developmental outcomes
- based on the duration and the intensity of the exposure to the risks in their environment has a
cumulative effect
What does accumulate disadvantages lead to
- affect the child's cognovits ability
- emotional maturity
- learned helplessness
- can create a sense of inefficacy
- strong determinants of poor health
Types of childcare
- daycare
- licensed home daycare
- private
- preschool/ nursery school
- mix of different types
distribution of parents of preschool aged children used childcare arrangement for at least one of the
pre-school aged children
- 1,445 (45%) said no (highest), 167 (5) people said yes but not on a regular basis (lowest). In total, 3197
people used the service
- 489 (31%) people used daycare -highest, 42E (3E%) percent used mixed type of arrangements E= use
with caution - lowest
trends in childcare in Canada (children outside of parental care
- childcare in Canada has increase from 41% (1994-1995) to 54% (2002-2003)
Early childhood policy
- how much money and resources parent put in terms of children getting the best care possible
- every dollar spent on childcare programs return $2.54 in benefits to society over the long term
SODH -culture
, culture and ethnic factors influence people's interaction with the health care system, their participation
in prevention and health information, their health related lifestyle choices and their understanding of
health and illness
Ethnic Diversity in Canada
- Canada accepts proportionately more immigrants and refugees than any other country
how many ethnic origins are there in the Canadian population (2006)?
200
how many living in Canada were foreign born (2006)?
every five (19.8)
how much of the Canadian population feel a strong sense of belonging to the ethnic cultural group
(2003)?
one half of the Canadian population
the most significant difficulties after living in Canada for four years
they relate to language and finding work according to the education that they have received in their
home country
What challenges do new immigrants face
- limited social support ( not knowing anyone or services available)
- no having enough income
- 3 month wait period before health services are available
- not having health care providers that are not from similar ethnicity, culture, or gender
The healthy immigrant effects
- immigrants health is generally better than that of the Canadian born, although it tends to decline as
the years in Canada increase
- visible minorities and immigrant that have been ostracized and isolates were more likely to experience
a decline in health
factors Canada looks for in immigrants
- good education
- be free of certain diseases
The ethnic differences in health of Aboriginal Peoples
- they have poorer health outcomes due to social exclusion
- greater increase in diabetes and TB
- alcoholism
- due to their history, they have adopted unhealthy coping mechanisms
Ethnic differences in health
LATEST VERSION; RATED A+
Risks to healthy child
- poverty
- inadequate care giving
- child abuse
The attachment Connection
as babies are lovingly cared, there is created a set of specific sensory stimuli which are translated into
specific neural activations in areas of the developing brain destined to become responsible for socio-
emotional communication and bonding
Physical Proximity
according to attachment theory, a baby's attachment behavior such s crying, aims at activating the
mother’s caregiving bond
Emotional Proximity
the way a mother responds to her infant's need for security and comfort plays a large role in the shaping
of the child's personality
3 processes whereby early life environments mat affect adult health
-latency effects
-pathway effects
- cumulative affects
Latency effect
- early life development affects adult health independent of intervening experiences
the latency model
- specific biological ( ex-low birth rate) or developmental factors (visual acuity) factors at sensitive
periods in early life have a lifelong impact on health and wellbeing of subsequent living conditions
- something happens in the child's life that will affect them when they become adults
Examples of latency effect
- the link between low birth weight and cardiovascular disease is evidence of a latency effect
- the results from early childhood programs for disadvantages children are consistent with a latency
effect, given their effectiveness in improving adult outcomes even without any attempt to provide them
with special help in the intervening years
- breastfeeding- early exposure to breast milk has a positive effect on a child . as long chain fatty acids
affect brain development and visual acuity
Pathway Effects
,-early life environments sets individuals onto life trajectories that in turn affect health status over time
- children's exposure to risk factors at one point do not have immediate health consequences
Example of pathway effects
it is not an immediate health issue if young children lack readiness to learn as they enter school. But
limited learning ability can lead to experiences that are harmful to one's health in later life such aa lower
educational attainment
Cumulative effects
multiple exposures over the life course, whose health effects combine
the longer the child lives under conditions of material and social deprivation the more likely there are to
show adverse health and developmental outcomes
- based on the duration and the intensity of the exposure to the risks in their environment has a
cumulative effect
What does accumulate disadvantages lead to
- affect the child's cognovits ability
- emotional maturity
- learned helplessness
- can create a sense of inefficacy
- strong determinants of poor health
Types of childcare
- daycare
- licensed home daycare
- private
- preschool/ nursery school
- mix of different types
distribution of parents of preschool aged children used childcare arrangement for at least one of the
pre-school aged children
- 1,445 (45%) said no (highest), 167 (5) people said yes but not on a regular basis (lowest). In total, 3197
people used the service
- 489 (31%) people used daycare -highest, 42E (3E%) percent used mixed type of arrangements E= use
with caution - lowest
trends in childcare in Canada (children outside of parental care
- childcare in Canada has increase from 41% (1994-1995) to 54% (2002-2003)
Early childhood policy
- how much money and resources parent put in terms of children getting the best care possible
- every dollar spent on childcare programs return $2.54 in benefits to society over the long term
SODH -culture
, culture and ethnic factors influence people's interaction with the health care system, their participation
in prevention and health information, their health related lifestyle choices and their understanding of
health and illness
Ethnic Diversity in Canada
- Canada accepts proportionately more immigrants and refugees than any other country
how many ethnic origins are there in the Canadian population (2006)?
200
how many living in Canada were foreign born (2006)?
every five (19.8)
how much of the Canadian population feel a strong sense of belonging to the ethnic cultural group
(2003)?
one half of the Canadian population
the most significant difficulties after living in Canada for four years
they relate to language and finding work according to the education that they have received in their
home country
What challenges do new immigrants face
- limited social support ( not knowing anyone or services available)
- no having enough income
- 3 month wait period before health services are available
- not having health care providers that are not from similar ethnicity, culture, or gender
The healthy immigrant effects
- immigrants health is generally better than that of the Canadian born, although it tends to decline as
the years in Canada increase
- visible minorities and immigrant that have been ostracized and isolates were more likely to experience
a decline in health
factors Canada looks for in immigrants
- good education
- be free of certain diseases
The ethnic differences in health of Aboriginal Peoples
- they have poorer health outcomes due to social exclusion
- greater increase in diabetes and TB
- alcoholism
- due to their history, they have adopted unhealthy coping mechanisms
Ethnic differences in health
