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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Popular motivational theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea
Individuals must satisfy a basic series of needs before they can reach their potential.
Maslow's Deficiency Needs
Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, and Esteem
Maslow's Growth Needs
Cognitive, Aesthetic, Self-Actualization, Transcendence
Maslow's Physiological Need
Biological needs for survival, food, water, shelter
Maslow's Safety Need
Protection from the elements, law and order, financial security, and freedom from fear.
Maslow's Love and Belonging Need
Need for interpersonal relationships - friendships, intimacy, being part of a group.
Maslow's Esteem Need
Self-respect, respect from others, achievement, status, and prestige.
Maslow's Cognitive Need
Curiosity, knowledge, and intellectual exploration
Maslow's Aesthetic Need
Need focuses on the search for and expression of beauty and balance.
Maslow's Self-Actualization Need
Personal growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's personal potential as a human being.
Maslow's Transcendence Need
Meeting spiritual needs or helping others achieve self-actualization.
Arnold Gesell
First theorist to observe and document stages of physical development.
Gesell's Maturational Theory