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7 wonders of the Ancient World
Hanging gardens of Babylon
Pyramid of Giza
The Colossus
Statue of Zeus
Temple of Artemis
Light house of Alexandria
The mausoleum at Hlicarnassus
Epistemology
The study of knowledge itself
Civitas
Latin for Urban
Ninth Legion
Popular media may be the reason for the interest in the mystery surrounding this legion. whether
modern movies or past scholars, its been popular for a long time.
The fought Boudica in 61AD
traces found in Netherlands and Spain.
Theodore Mommsen theorised that they were destroyed.
Unilineal Evolution
early theoretical school that postulated that all cultures proceeded through a series of successive stages,
Savagry, Barbarism, and civilization
Lewis Henry Morgan
Herbert spencer
Edward Taylor
V. Gordon Childe
Marxist Archaeologist
Agriculture revolution
believed that man makes himself and several hallmarks of revolution
the plow
the wheel
Writing
Metallurgy
Calendars
, Standardized measurments
Irrigation
labor specialization
State religion
Monumental art and architecture
Neoevolutionism
"New evolutionism," or the mid-twentieth-century rebirth of evolutionary approaches to studying and
explaining culture
Social theory drawing on Darwin's theory of evolution to explain the development of societies.
Focus is on empirical evidence
Leslie White
Archaeologist that believed that technology is a fundamental part of social development.
Believed that culture evolves as the amount of energy harnessed per capita per year increased.
Difficult to measure
Muscle energy
Domestic animals (energy)
Agriculture
Industry energy (coal, iron, etc.)
Nuclear
him and Julian Steward came up with the progression of bands, to tribes, to chiefdoms to states.
Economic power
Control over basic resources in order to create or maintain social inequality
Irrigation systems
Centralized production of economically important raw materials
Centralized control over economically important raw materials
Centralized control over surpluses
Military or Coercive Power
The use or threat of violence to create inequality and maintain control
Weapons, mass graves, destruction evidence
Sacrificial victims
Police force and military
Ideological power