ARKY 325 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
to civilize
to bring out of a state of barbarism, to improve or evolve, not necessarily better than simpler, smaller-
scale societies
civilization
an urbanized, state-level society
large population, non-subsistence, concentrated on one area
specialized crafts, hinterland from which it draws its resources, serves as a central plane
state
a political unit governed by a central authority, whose power crosscuts that of kinship relationships
V Gordon Childe
1892-1957, father of the discipline
Childe's 10 characteristics
surpluses of resources
cities
specialized labour
class-based
state organization with permanent government institutions
monumental construction
long-distance trade
artwork
writing, arithmetic, astronomy, geometry
primary civilization
the first/earliest civilization to develop in its part of the world, amalgamation of features
secondary civilization
developed in an area that already had at least one earlier civilization
history definition
study of the past, after the written record
prehistory definition
study of the past, before the written record, the distinction is around 5-4000 BC
, anthropology
humans and their cultures- ie: extra-genetic means of adaptation within the world
archaeology
the study of past human cultures, through the material remains of those cultures, artifacts, features etc
approaches to the study of arky
childe is the father, social darwinism, the processual/new archys of the 1970s
neolithic revolution
the invention of farming
urban revolution
akin to the industrial revolution in the ancient times
what had to happen first in order to create a civilization?
farming rev, had to create a surplus of resources
Spenser, did what with darwinism?
tried to relate natural selection to the changing nature of societies as they adapted to more technology
and moved away from their former culture
Sir Edward Tylor and LH Morgon
surveyed human societies around the world and grouped them into three categories: civilization,
barbarians, and savages
"civilization" top level
industrial societies
"barbarism" middle level
herding, farming cultures
"savages" bottom level
hunter/gatherers
so according to the big voices: evolution required what?
a specific kind of rationality, technology
neo-evolution
early 20th century movement that replaced evolutionism, revived in the 1950s by childe, white, steward
Lesley White
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
to civilize
to bring out of a state of barbarism, to improve or evolve, not necessarily better than simpler, smaller-
scale societies
civilization
an urbanized, state-level society
large population, non-subsistence, concentrated on one area
specialized crafts, hinterland from which it draws its resources, serves as a central plane
state
a political unit governed by a central authority, whose power crosscuts that of kinship relationships
V Gordon Childe
1892-1957, father of the discipline
Childe's 10 characteristics
surpluses of resources
cities
specialized labour
class-based
state organization with permanent government institutions
monumental construction
long-distance trade
artwork
writing, arithmetic, astronomy, geometry
primary civilization
the first/earliest civilization to develop in its part of the world, amalgamation of features
secondary civilization
developed in an area that already had at least one earlier civilization
history definition
study of the past, after the written record
prehistory definition
study of the past, before the written record, the distinction is around 5-4000 BC
, anthropology
humans and their cultures- ie: extra-genetic means of adaptation within the world
archaeology
the study of past human cultures, through the material remains of those cultures, artifacts, features etc
approaches to the study of arky
childe is the father, social darwinism, the processual/new archys of the 1970s
neolithic revolution
the invention of farming
urban revolution
akin to the industrial revolution in the ancient times
what had to happen first in order to create a civilization?
farming rev, had to create a surplus of resources
Spenser, did what with darwinism?
tried to relate natural selection to the changing nature of societies as they adapted to more technology
and moved away from their former culture
Sir Edward Tylor and LH Morgon
surveyed human societies around the world and grouped them into three categories: civilization,
barbarians, and savages
"civilization" top level
industrial societies
"barbarism" middle level
herding, farming cultures
"savages" bottom level
hunter/gatherers
so according to the big voices: evolution required what?
a specific kind of rationality, technology
neo-evolution
early 20th century movement that replaced evolutionism, revived in the 1950s by childe, white, steward
Lesley White
