ARKY 325 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Cuneiform
-Wedge-shaped stylus used to make symbols on clay tablets
-Scribes were highly trained professionals, an occupation that often ran in families
-Scribes were usually men
Cylinder seals
-Uniquely carved cylinder that is rolled over clay lumps or slabs to seal cargo for trade
-administrative device used to seal containers, even rooms
-status symbol
-Loss of seal needed to be immediately announced in town to prevent owner from accruing debts of
thieves
End of Uruk
• Environment: Some suggest Uruk ended because of an abrupt cold and wet period that disrupted
agricultural production
• By the arrival of the East Semitic tribes
Oikoi Economy
-super households
• The first to create a workforce of kin and non-kin labour
• The 'heads' of the oikoi became very wealthy
- people in the cities were employed by landholders • Workers were contracted for different types of
work
political organization of sumer
• City states were ruled by 2 elite groups: Priests and Royalty
• Royals also built temples and some royals were priests
• Religion and power are closely bound together
• Not divine kings
• In addition, power was also held by wealthy families, assemblies of citizens and farmers
Social organization of sumer
-divided into class based on ranked occupations
-men did manual field labour and military work
- women did house household and textile work
-elite women held positions of power in temples
Nippur
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Cuneiform
-Wedge-shaped stylus used to make symbols on clay tablets
-Scribes were highly trained professionals, an occupation that often ran in families
-Scribes were usually men
Cylinder seals
-Uniquely carved cylinder that is rolled over clay lumps or slabs to seal cargo for trade
-administrative device used to seal containers, even rooms
-status symbol
-Loss of seal needed to be immediately announced in town to prevent owner from accruing debts of
thieves
End of Uruk
• Environment: Some suggest Uruk ended because of an abrupt cold and wet period that disrupted
agricultural production
• By the arrival of the East Semitic tribes
Oikoi Economy
-super households
• The first to create a workforce of kin and non-kin labour
• The 'heads' of the oikoi became very wealthy
- people in the cities were employed by landholders • Workers were contracted for different types of
work
political organization of sumer
• City states were ruled by 2 elite groups: Priests and Royalty
• Royals also built temples and some royals were priests
• Religion and power are closely bound together
• Not divine kings
• In addition, power was also held by wealthy families, assemblies of citizens and farmers
Social organization of sumer
-divided into class based on ranked occupations
-men did manual field labour and military work
- women did house household and textile work
-elite women held positions of power in temples
Nippur
