ARKY 325 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
looting
Taking an object from its original context ( popular during colonialism)
civilization
A complex, highly organized social, economic and political organization
Bands
-kinship based groups
-mobile (move with the season and where food migrates)
Tribes
-domesticated plants and animals
-kin groups hold corporate property
-sedentary with gathering aspects
-group elders make decision
Chiefdoms
-ranked ,hierarchy at least 2 groups nobles and commoners
-hereditary chief is head of the highest ranked group
-sedentary
-creates monumental structures
Hereditary Chiefs
-charismatic
-leads many different rituals (spiritual)
-receives tributes in return for offering protection and resources
Characteristics of states
-not organized through kinship
-large segmentation in class ( 3 or more classes)
-governing body has full authority and is backed by force (centralized government)
-urban living
-groups are highly specialized and and interdependent on another
City states
commercial, political and social hub , with centralized government, all citizens live within its walls
territorial states
, The city is the political and cultural centre where the elites and religious leaders live. Rest of the
population lives out side the city walls
Cities
-Served as centres of trade, public performance, and political administration
-must have a centralized authority, infrastructure and collective ideologies
The urban revolution
-V GORDON CHILDE
-introduction of economic specialization
-centralized authorize that control the population
-results in class based society
-has large structures as a demonstration of authority
-supported by food from hinterland
Irrigation Theory
The theory that explains civilization's emergence as the result of the construction of elaborate irrigation
systems, the functioning of which required full-time managers whose control blossomed into the first
governing body and elite social class; also known as hydraulic theory.
Hydraulic states
centralization of water, the controlling group distributes water, and population will voluntarily submit to
this authority, and this authority may become corrupt
Technology and Trade Theory
-Exchange of raw and precious material among a population creates an elite class
- ideas and good spread along trade routes
Environmental circumscription model (WARFARE)
-happens in fertile soil areas
-farmers will settle and take up land
-people will begin to fight and take others land using force
-until ruling authority has majority of the land, and other submit to them (creating ruling and commoner
class)
Economic power
ability to create specialized workforce and organize a surplus of resources
social power
development of collective ideology of social relations and understanding of social norms
political power
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
looting
Taking an object from its original context ( popular during colonialism)
civilization
A complex, highly organized social, economic and political organization
Bands
-kinship based groups
-mobile (move with the season and where food migrates)
Tribes
-domesticated plants and animals
-kin groups hold corporate property
-sedentary with gathering aspects
-group elders make decision
Chiefdoms
-ranked ,hierarchy at least 2 groups nobles and commoners
-hereditary chief is head of the highest ranked group
-sedentary
-creates monumental structures
Hereditary Chiefs
-charismatic
-leads many different rituals (spiritual)
-receives tributes in return for offering protection and resources
Characteristics of states
-not organized through kinship
-large segmentation in class ( 3 or more classes)
-governing body has full authority and is backed by force (centralized government)
-urban living
-groups are highly specialized and and interdependent on another
City states
commercial, political and social hub , with centralized government, all citizens live within its walls
territorial states
, The city is the political and cultural centre where the elites and religious leaders live. Rest of the
population lives out side the city walls
Cities
-Served as centres of trade, public performance, and political administration
-must have a centralized authority, infrastructure and collective ideologies
The urban revolution
-V GORDON CHILDE
-introduction of economic specialization
-centralized authorize that control the population
-results in class based society
-has large structures as a demonstration of authority
-supported by food from hinterland
Irrigation Theory
The theory that explains civilization's emergence as the result of the construction of elaborate irrigation
systems, the functioning of which required full-time managers whose control blossomed into the first
governing body and elite social class; also known as hydraulic theory.
Hydraulic states
centralization of water, the controlling group distributes water, and population will voluntarily submit to
this authority, and this authority may become corrupt
Technology and Trade Theory
-Exchange of raw and precious material among a population creates an elite class
- ideas and good spread along trade routes
Environmental circumscription model (WARFARE)
-happens in fertile soil areas
-farmers will settle and take up land
-people will begin to fight and take others land using force
-until ruling authority has majority of the land, and other submit to them (creating ruling and commoner
class)
Economic power
ability to create specialized workforce and organize a surplus of resources
social power
development of collective ideology of social relations and understanding of social norms
political power
