ARKY 325 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Who did the first archaeological research?
an ancient civilization
who was Nabondius and what did he do?
- king of Babylon
- excavated the temple of Ur in Mesoptamia about 2.5k yrs ago in order to better understand Sumerian
culture
- this work contributes to knowledge we have today
- his motives were political and he wanted to have a more prestigious rulership
Italian Renaissance
rebirth of Classical (Greece/Rome) art/architecture - humanistic focus - patrons - families like Medici and
the Catholic Church - blended natural world w/ religion - transition away from religion
- Modern archaeology has its roots in the Italian Renaissance (beginning ca. 14th century [1300 CE])
- During this period, scholars rediscovered ancient Roman and Greek texts The growing merchant class
became interested in the 'Golden Age of Rome' and collected Roman and Greek objects
- Encouraged the looting of ancient sites (beginning of antiquarianism)
-Not good archaeology
Sytematic research
- Ciriaco de Pizzicolli (Cyriacus of Ancona) (1391- 1452)
- He spent 25 years studying classic texts to locate ancient sites around the Mediterranean
- and then he would go out and record these sites by writing down inscriptions, detailed drawings of
monuments/architecture
what was the grand tour?
A tour of major European cities by upper class men to finish their education through exposure to the
world and elimination of ignorance
- 17th to early 19th century
- often paid people to loot these sites and brought souvenirs home
Antiquarianism
, - - this is the collection of antiquities just for the sake of it
- no careful documentation of context
- formed the foundation of Europes national museums by the 19th century
- For example: Lord Elgin's marbles in the British Museum - part of national antiquarianism -
- some other famous looters: Giovanni Battista Belzoni
Professional Arky
- By late 19th century, more systematic and scientific data collection methods were developed. These
became expectations of scientific research worldwide, not just within the discipline of archaeology.
- Archaeology and anthropology inspired by the works of prominent naturalists, geologists, and
biologists of the time, such as Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin
How is archaeology different from looting?
- Scientific study with the goal of interpreting the past
- Important information comes from the context of ancient materials that we recover through careful
excavation, detailed recording, and mapping
- Context is the spatial and temporal association of an object with other objects in a site.
- Prefer to find objects in situ (in place). This is its provenience.
civilization
A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes
- complex, usually referred to as ancient states
- states are fundamentally different from other types of societies in the complexity of their intern
organization
are evolutionary stages still accepted?
no, the step-ladder development from band to tribe to chiefdom etc
- these are all successful societies that lived side-by-side for centuries
what are societies organized by?
- how a living is made
- social organization such as kinship or class
- how decisions are made
- pop size and density on the landscape
States
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Who did the first archaeological research?
an ancient civilization
who was Nabondius and what did he do?
- king of Babylon
- excavated the temple of Ur in Mesoptamia about 2.5k yrs ago in order to better understand Sumerian
culture
- this work contributes to knowledge we have today
- his motives were political and he wanted to have a more prestigious rulership
Italian Renaissance
rebirth of Classical (Greece/Rome) art/architecture - humanistic focus - patrons - families like Medici and
the Catholic Church - blended natural world w/ religion - transition away from religion
- Modern archaeology has its roots in the Italian Renaissance (beginning ca. 14th century [1300 CE])
- During this period, scholars rediscovered ancient Roman and Greek texts The growing merchant class
became interested in the 'Golden Age of Rome' and collected Roman and Greek objects
- Encouraged the looting of ancient sites (beginning of antiquarianism)
-Not good archaeology
Sytematic research
- Ciriaco de Pizzicolli (Cyriacus of Ancona) (1391- 1452)
- He spent 25 years studying classic texts to locate ancient sites around the Mediterranean
- and then he would go out and record these sites by writing down inscriptions, detailed drawings of
monuments/architecture
what was the grand tour?
A tour of major European cities by upper class men to finish their education through exposure to the
world and elimination of ignorance
- 17th to early 19th century
- often paid people to loot these sites and brought souvenirs home
Antiquarianism
, - - this is the collection of antiquities just for the sake of it
- no careful documentation of context
- formed the foundation of Europes national museums by the 19th century
- For example: Lord Elgin's marbles in the British Museum - part of national antiquarianism -
- some other famous looters: Giovanni Battista Belzoni
Professional Arky
- By late 19th century, more systematic and scientific data collection methods were developed. These
became expectations of scientific research worldwide, not just within the discipline of archaeology.
- Archaeology and anthropology inspired by the works of prominent naturalists, geologists, and
biologists of the time, such as Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin
How is archaeology different from looting?
- Scientific study with the goal of interpreting the past
- Important information comes from the context of ancient materials that we recover through careful
excavation, detailed recording, and mapping
- Context is the spatial and temporal association of an object with other objects in a site.
- Prefer to find objects in situ (in place). This is its provenience.
civilization
A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes
- complex, usually referred to as ancient states
- states are fundamentally different from other types of societies in the complexity of their intern
organization
are evolutionary stages still accepted?
no, the step-ladder development from band to tribe to chiefdom etc
- these are all successful societies that lived side-by-side for centuries
what are societies organized by?
- how a living is made
- social organization such as kinship or class
- how decisions are made
- pop size and density on the landscape
States
