ARKY 325 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Civilization - The 5 characteristics
-concentration of surpluses
-cities
-full-time specialization labor
-class based societies
-state organization with permanent government
secondary characteristics of complex societies
-monumental public works
-long-distance trade
-standardized, monumental artwork
-writing
-arithmetic
kinship
relation between 2 or more persons that is based on common ancestry or marriage
state
political unit, governed by central authority
Ancient Civilizations are....
pre-industrial
Primary Civilization
was the first or earliest civilization to develop in its part of the world
secondary civilization
developed in an area that had already witnessed at least one earlier civilization
Mary anne Macdonald area is focused where
~10,000-4,000 y.a
-old kingdom in Nile valley colonized Dakhleh oasis
Father of Archaeology
V. Gordon Childe
Neolithic Revolution
, The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.
Urban Revolution
the process by which small, kin-based, nonliterate agricultural villages were transformed into large,
socially complex, urban societies
H. Spencer (1820-1903)
Tried to apply V. Childes work because Gordon didnt
Sir Edward Tylor and L.H Morgan
surveyed human societies and grouped them in a 3-level sequence of human development
Unilateral scheme of human development
3) Savages- hunter/gatherers
2)Barbarians- farming and animal herding
3)Civilization- englishmen/American industrial society
neo-evolutionary theory
-Change is based on efficiency of technology
-Development occurs when new technology is invented to harness more energy with less expenditure.
-A Materialist theory
Julian Steward & Cultural Ecology
- Neo-evolutionism, but not linear
- Culture is shaped by, and continually adapting to the environment
- The greater the technological development, the lesser the influential impact of the environment
- Scientific, emperical, capable of providing casual explanations and laws
Elman Service (1915-1996)
created the 4 different types of societies involved in evolution toward complex societies
-states
-chiefdoms
-bands
-tribes
bands
hunter/gatherers; small group organized by kinship, no leadership
Tribes
farmers; the family is the unit of production; organized by kinship, around 100 people with 1 leader
(achieved)
Chiefdoms
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Civilization - The 5 characteristics
-concentration of surpluses
-cities
-full-time specialization labor
-class based societies
-state organization with permanent government
secondary characteristics of complex societies
-monumental public works
-long-distance trade
-standardized, monumental artwork
-writing
-arithmetic
kinship
relation between 2 or more persons that is based on common ancestry or marriage
state
political unit, governed by central authority
Ancient Civilizations are....
pre-industrial
Primary Civilization
was the first or earliest civilization to develop in its part of the world
secondary civilization
developed in an area that had already witnessed at least one earlier civilization
Mary anne Macdonald area is focused where
~10,000-4,000 y.a
-old kingdom in Nile valley colonized Dakhleh oasis
Father of Archaeology
V. Gordon Childe
Neolithic Revolution
, The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.
Urban Revolution
the process by which small, kin-based, nonliterate agricultural villages were transformed into large,
socially complex, urban societies
H. Spencer (1820-1903)
Tried to apply V. Childes work because Gordon didnt
Sir Edward Tylor and L.H Morgan
surveyed human societies and grouped them in a 3-level sequence of human development
Unilateral scheme of human development
3) Savages- hunter/gatherers
2)Barbarians- farming and animal herding
3)Civilization- englishmen/American industrial society
neo-evolutionary theory
-Change is based on efficiency of technology
-Development occurs when new technology is invented to harness more energy with less expenditure.
-A Materialist theory
Julian Steward & Cultural Ecology
- Neo-evolutionism, but not linear
- Culture is shaped by, and continually adapting to the environment
- The greater the technological development, the lesser the influential impact of the environment
- Scientific, emperical, capable of providing casual explanations and laws
Elman Service (1915-1996)
created the 4 different types of societies involved in evolution toward complex societies
-states
-chiefdoms
-bands
-tribes
bands
hunter/gatherers; small group organized by kinship, no leadership
Tribes
farmers; the family is the unit of production; organized by kinship, around 100 people with 1 leader
(achieved)
Chiefdoms
