ARKY 325 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Corinth
•Manufacturing center located on isthmus that divides Peloponnese
from the rest of Greece
*•Major trading activities - wealthiest city in 6th century BC
*•City-state under a tyrant (one man) often with citizen army that
prevents aristocratic domination
*•Corinthian pottery spread widely especially perfume jars aryballoi
*•Eastern motifs (winged-Griffins) circulated in east and west Mediterranean
Sparta
•Peloponnesian state
*•Expanded agricultural economy and territory until it controlled the
Peloponnese peninsula
•took tribute from those conquered (virtually slaves in tightly
controlled settlements)
•Rigidly disciplined state under military ideals
*•All male citizens had to serve in the army (free citizens/not
aristocrats)
*•Sparta had no defensive wall but relied on its army of hoplites
Athens
*•In archaic period it was wealthy manufacturing center supported
by agricultural productivity of Attica
•Athens dealt with unrest between rich and poor through reforms of
Solon in 590s BC
*•Reduced oppression of poor and outlawed slavery of Greek
citizens
•But Athens fell under the control of tyrants
Tyrants 556-510 BC
•Tyrants are ambitious individuals who seize power
*•Appear in Archaic period - supported by those disgruntled with
aristocrats running city assemblies
•Popular initially, later became cruel despots
•Tyrants in Athens beautify buildings
*•In this period new pottery style developed called Attic black-figure
pottery that was traded widely 6th century BC
,*•Replaced by red-figure technique 530 BC
•Some Attic vessels have name of the potter on them
Classical Greece 480-323 BC
•Begins with Greek resistance to Persian invasion of 480 BC
*•Important concept was Greek ethnicity and view of other people
around them as barbarians
•Greek identity also shared by colonies
•Expressed in pan-Hellenic festivals that all Greeks could attend
and included athletic contests that anyone could enter
*•Festivals held at 4 shrines: Olympia, Delphi, Nemea, Isthmia
*•Nevertheless, the Greek city states were not politically united
Political backdrop to Classical Greece
•Persian Emperor Darius and Xerxes tried to take Greece
*•Athens convinced many Greek city states to create a league
(Delian league)
*•Athens dominated this league and turned it into the Athenian
Empire taking tribute from their partners!
•Other cities joined Sparta and defeated Athens in the
Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC
•City states remain autonomous until conquered by Alexander the
Great 323 BC
Classical Greek society and culture
*•Key political innovation of Classical Greece is democracy
•Rule of the people "demos" + "kratos" power
•Origins in the assembly of citizen soldiers that excluded women,
children, slaves & non-citizens
•Real power still held by Aristocrats until 508 BC
*•Major reform in citizen's assembly in classical period: assembly
could exile any one citizen for 10 years without giving a reason
*•Intended to remove any citizen who tried to dominate the state
(ostracism)
•Voted with ostraca (voted by writing name of person to exile on
pottery sherd)
Voting
•Reform in 462 BC: all Athenian officials chosen by lot
•State compensated people working on state business (citizens in
government)
•Kleroterion used to select jurors, people for state office - random
process
, •But not a free society: slaves working mines, agriculture
•Women also had no role in politics
Great Age of Athens 5th century BC
•City of philosophers, historians, dramatists: Sophocles, Euripides,
Thucydides, Socrates
•High rate of literacy in the Athenian population
•Period of architecture and sculpture
Architecture & sculpture Athens
•Temples, public buildings in Athens
•Acropolis was the religious centre (Parthenon built 447-432 BC)
*•Agora was commercial and administrative centre of the city
•Bronze statuary
•Marble statuary (brightly painted)
•Wall murals
Hellenistic World
•Alexander the Great 336-323 BC
*•King of Macedonia but his rule extended to the Peloponnese
•Takes Greek and Macedonian army to conquer the Persian
Empire, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and Egypt
•Then he died in 323 BC and empire fragmented
•His death is end of Classical period and beginning of the
Hellenistic period
•Marked by expansion of Greek artistic traditions throughout lands
conquered by Alexander
Alexandria
•City founded by Alexander and his successors
•Edge of Nile Delta
*•Largest city of the Western world in 1st century BC
•Center of craftmanship, commerce and learning
•Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt (Greeks) built a lighthouse (famous
Pharos) and the Museum that included the Library of Alexandria
Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii
*•Wall paintings on wealthy people's houses portrayed myths,
scenes from plays
*•Villa of the Mysteries has a series of frescoes that portray a
woman being initiated into cult of the god Dionysus
•Cult promised immortality after death
Rural villas
UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Corinth
•Manufacturing center located on isthmus that divides Peloponnese
from the rest of Greece
*•Major trading activities - wealthiest city in 6th century BC
*•City-state under a tyrant (one man) often with citizen army that
prevents aristocratic domination
*•Corinthian pottery spread widely especially perfume jars aryballoi
*•Eastern motifs (winged-Griffins) circulated in east and west Mediterranean
Sparta
•Peloponnesian state
*•Expanded agricultural economy and territory until it controlled the
Peloponnese peninsula
•took tribute from those conquered (virtually slaves in tightly
controlled settlements)
•Rigidly disciplined state under military ideals
*•All male citizens had to serve in the army (free citizens/not
aristocrats)
*•Sparta had no defensive wall but relied on its army of hoplites
Athens
*•In archaic period it was wealthy manufacturing center supported
by agricultural productivity of Attica
•Athens dealt with unrest between rich and poor through reforms of
Solon in 590s BC
*•Reduced oppression of poor and outlawed slavery of Greek
citizens
•But Athens fell under the control of tyrants
Tyrants 556-510 BC
•Tyrants are ambitious individuals who seize power
*•Appear in Archaic period - supported by those disgruntled with
aristocrats running city assemblies
•Popular initially, later became cruel despots
•Tyrants in Athens beautify buildings
*•In this period new pottery style developed called Attic black-figure
pottery that was traded widely 6th century BC
,*•Replaced by red-figure technique 530 BC
•Some Attic vessels have name of the potter on them
Classical Greece 480-323 BC
•Begins with Greek resistance to Persian invasion of 480 BC
*•Important concept was Greek ethnicity and view of other people
around them as barbarians
•Greek identity also shared by colonies
•Expressed in pan-Hellenic festivals that all Greeks could attend
and included athletic contests that anyone could enter
*•Festivals held at 4 shrines: Olympia, Delphi, Nemea, Isthmia
*•Nevertheless, the Greek city states were not politically united
Political backdrop to Classical Greece
•Persian Emperor Darius and Xerxes tried to take Greece
*•Athens convinced many Greek city states to create a league
(Delian league)
*•Athens dominated this league and turned it into the Athenian
Empire taking tribute from their partners!
•Other cities joined Sparta and defeated Athens in the
Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC
•City states remain autonomous until conquered by Alexander the
Great 323 BC
Classical Greek society and culture
*•Key political innovation of Classical Greece is democracy
•Rule of the people "demos" + "kratos" power
•Origins in the assembly of citizen soldiers that excluded women,
children, slaves & non-citizens
•Real power still held by Aristocrats until 508 BC
*•Major reform in citizen's assembly in classical period: assembly
could exile any one citizen for 10 years without giving a reason
*•Intended to remove any citizen who tried to dominate the state
(ostracism)
•Voted with ostraca (voted by writing name of person to exile on
pottery sherd)
Voting
•Reform in 462 BC: all Athenian officials chosen by lot
•State compensated people working on state business (citizens in
government)
•Kleroterion used to select jurors, people for state office - random
process
, •But not a free society: slaves working mines, agriculture
•Women also had no role in politics
Great Age of Athens 5th century BC
•City of philosophers, historians, dramatists: Sophocles, Euripides,
Thucydides, Socrates
•High rate of literacy in the Athenian population
•Period of architecture and sculpture
Architecture & sculpture Athens
•Temples, public buildings in Athens
•Acropolis was the religious centre (Parthenon built 447-432 BC)
*•Agora was commercial and administrative centre of the city
•Bronze statuary
•Marble statuary (brightly painted)
•Wall murals
Hellenistic World
•Alexander the Great 336-323 BC
*•King of Macedonia but his rule extended to the Peloponnese
•Takes Greek and Macedonian army to conquer the Persian
Empire, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and Egypt
•Then he died in 323 BC and empire fragmented
•His death is end of Classical period and beginning of the
Hellenistic period
•Marked by expansion of Greek artistic traditions throughout lands
conquered by Alexander
Alexandria
•City founded by Alexander and his successors
•Edge of Nile Delta
*•Largest city of the Western world in 1st century BC
•Center of craftmanship, commerce and learning
•Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt (Greeks) built a lighthouse (famous
Pharos) and the Museum that included the Library of Alexandria
Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii
*•Wall paintings on wealthy people's houses portrayed myths,
scenes from plays
*•Villa of the Mysteries has a series of frescoes that portray a
woman being initiated into cult of the god Dionysus
•Cult promised immortality after death
Rural villas
