CRJS 1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE (GRADED A+).
critiques of structural marxism
too much emphasis on structure and not enough on human agency to shape and direct social world
-exclusive focus on class relations and precluded other considerations such as gender and race
oppression
left realism
society must pay attention to the serious harm generated by street crime or working class crime
-practical solutions
-concrete and no repressive crime control programs and policies
critiques of left realism
-ahistorical: fails to take economic, cultural and historical contexts in which crime takes place into
account
-it may widen the net of social control
-its common sense approach fails to develop a theoretical account
critical criminology
-draws attention to overlooked injustices
-demands possible dismantling practices
-transformative justice for marginalized and oppressed
-the critical in critical criminology implies transformation through promises of justice
Taylor, Walton and young: the new criminology
-criticizes conventional criminology for supporting the political and economic status quo, ignoring the
structural causes of crime and focusing on biological and psychological factors
-called for a filly social criminology
critical criminology in English canada 6 propositions
1. crime and sociocultural context
2. political economic dimensions of crime
3. crime and capitalism
4. the role of power in shaping criminal justice
5. materialist analysis
6. dialectic approach
Foucault
power operates on us everywhere always
1. micro powers: small and mundane relations of governance effecting human behaviour
, 2. discipline: ensures constant subjection and obedience which operates through surveillance
3. surveillance: the direct or indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome
Foucault and governmentality
-Social institutions reproduce power inequalities and injustices
-Citizens internalize forms of discipline andsurveillance
Bourdieu's Field Theory
-Society is made up of multiple "fields"
-Capital (qualities) and habitus (dispositions)ensure the success of certain actors withineach field
Bourdieu's Field Theory: Wacquant's Carceral-Assistential Mesh
-When the left and the right hand of the state come together to punish the poor
-E.g., the education institution assists in the disproportionate incarceration of poor and racialized men in
the United States
Agamben: Sovereignty and the State of Exception
sovereign: a person empowered to declare a state of exception
-The suspension of civil liberties and human rights for the sake of social control and national security
-Modern society and citizenship (the social contract) create the conditions in whichsovereign power can
return citizens to a state of naked life
Derrida and Deconstruction
deconstruction: opening up language to the solent, background suppositions that give words and
phrases their meaning
trace: underlying all language is a trance
-the silent or absent element of language that gives words an essential part of their meaning
-Deconstruction provides insight into what is really going on behind words and phrases such as justice
-many injustices are done in pursuit of justice
-justice is not an existing reality or entity it is an ideal, a promise that is incalculable
feminism in criminology
-Feminist criminologists began by critiquing early and mainstream criminological theories as sexist and
renderingwomen invisible
Lombroso and Ferrero's adaptation of atavistic theory
-atavistically degenerate women dont stand out as much
-female criminals were vile and cruel lacking in maternal instincts and ladylike qualities
Role theory and power-control theory
-the lower rate of delinquency of girls is a result of differential socialization and childrearing practices
power control theory: patriarchal family vs egalitarian family
Attempting to "fit" women into mainstream theories
UPDATE (GRADED A+).
critiques of structural marxism
too much emphasis on structure and not enough on human agency to shape and direct social world
-exclusive focus on class relations and precluded other considerations such as gender and race
oppression
left realism
society must pay attention to the serious harm generated by street crime or working class crime
-practical solutions
-concrete and no repressive crime control programs and policies
critiques of left realism
-ahistorical: fails to take economic, cultural and historical contexts in which crime takes place into
account
-it may widen the net of social control
-its common sense approach fails to develop a theoretical account
critical criminology
-draws attention to overlooked injustices
-demands possible dismantling practices
-transformative justice for marginalized and oppressed
-the critical in critical criminology implies transformation through promises of justice
Taylor, Walton and young: the new criminology
-criticizes conventional criminology for supporting the political and economic status quo, ignoring the
structural causes of crime and focusing on biological and psychological factors
-called for a filly social criminology
critical criminology in English canada 6 propositions
1. crime and sociocultural context
2. political economic dimensions of crime
3. crime and capitalism
4. the role of power in shaping criminal justice
5. materialist analysis
6. dialectic approach
Foucault
power operates on us everywhere always
1. micro powers: small and mundane relations of governance effecting human behaviour
, 2. discipline: ensures constant subjection and obedience which operates through surveillance
3. surveillance: the direct or indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome
Foucault and governmentality
-Social institutions reproduce power inequalities and injustices
-Citizens internalize forms of discipline andsurveillance
Bourdieu's Field Theory
-Society is made up of multiple "fields"
-Capital (qualities) and habitus (dispositions)ensure the success of certain actors withineach field
Bourdieu's Field Theory: Wacquant's Carceral-Assistential Mesh
-When the left and the right hand of the state come together to punish the poor
-E.g., the education institution assists in the disproportionate incarceration of poor and racialized men in
the United States
Agamben: Sovereignty and the State of Exception
sovereign: a person empowered to declare a state of exception
-The suspension of civil liberties and human rights for the sake of social control and national security
-Modern society and citizenship (the social contract) create the conditions in whichsovereign power can
return citizens to a state of naked life
Derrida and Deconstruction
deconstruction: opening up language to the solent, background suppositions that give words and
phrases their meaning
trace: underlying all language is a trance
-the silent or absent element of language that gives words an essential part of their meaning
-Deconstruction provides insight into what is really going on behind words and phrases such as justice
-many injustices are done in pursuit of justice
-justice is not an existing reality or entity it is an ideal, a promise that is incalculable
feminism in criminology
-Feminist criminologists began by critiquing early and mainstream criminological theories as sexist and
renderingwomen invisible
Lombroso and Ferrero's adaptation of atavistic theory
-atavistically degenerate women dont stand out as much
-female criminals were vile and cruel lacking in maternal instincts and ladylike qualities
Role theory and power-control theory
-the lower rate of delinquency of girls is a result of differential socialization and childrearing practices
power control theory: patriarchal family vs egalitarian family
Attempting to "fit" women into mainstream theories
