UPDATE (GRADED A+).
Five Approaches to Crime
Conflict (law serves elite, tool of oppression), consensus (social contract), legalistic (crimes go against
society under law), biological (crime not natural), sociological (crime natural)
Classifications of Crime
Violent (murder vs homicide), assault, sexual assault, robbery, B&E, property, morality, organized, cyber,
victims, hate, non-violent
Terra Nullis
"Land belonging to no-one"; land under-utilized by first nations, able to take
Doctrine of Discovery
Europeans following God's will in colonialism of Indigenous people
Factors that Affect Crime Cycles
employment, politics, internet, COVID-19, unattended homes, laws (gun-control), access to birth control
and abortion, environmental politics
Police Reported Crime
Uniform Crime Statistics and the Uniform Crime Reporting System
Victim Reported Crime
General Social Survey
Factors that impact reporting crime
guilt, shame, trust of police, demographics, legislation, society, economics, technology, lack of evidence,
did not want to get criminal in trouble, feel insignificant, etc...
9 Research Steps
Planning, conceptualization, choice of method, operationalization, sampling, data collection, data
processing, analysis, application
Classical Period
rational/free will, deterrence, punishment is social contract
Becarria
against torture and death penalty, people motivated by pleasure and avoiding pain, choice theory
Bentham