1|Page
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
LATEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE
250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
Which type of White blood cells are responsible for cell-mediated
immunity and production of immunoglobulins? - ANSWER-
Lymphocytes (B-cells)
What is leukocytosis? - ANSWER- Increased White blood cell count
What are manifestations of Scabies? - ANSWER- Mites burrowing in
the skin, small streaks, intense itching
What kind of infection is a cold sore? - ANSWER- Herpes Simplex 1
Most common type of bacteria that cause skin infections? - ANSWER-
Staph
Burn that affects epidermis and part of dermis, is this full or partial
thickness? - ANSWER- Partial thickness
What would you see in 3rd Degree Burns? - ANSWER- Blackened
tissue
pg. 1
,2|Page
What is pruritis? - ANSWER- itching of the skin
What is erythema? What causes it? - ANSWER- Redness of the skin;
increased blood flow due to release of histamine
What type of cancer is Squamous Cell Carcinoma? - ANSWER- Cancer
of the skin
How does old age affect the skin? - ANSWER- Skin gets thin, elasticity
is decreased, subcutaneous fat decreases
What can cause gout? - ANSWER- Increased uric acid
What is osteoporosis? - ANSWER- Loss of bone density, can be due to
aging
When a joint temporarily moves out of its original position? -
ANSWER- Dislocation
What is the bone disease that occurs in adults due to Vitamin D
deficiency? And in children? - ANSWER- Osteoma Asia; Rickets
Example of artificial active immunity? - ANSWER- Vaccines
pg. 2
,3|Page
Example of artificial passive immunity? - ANSWER- Injection of
antibodies
What is an example of Type 4 (delayed) Hypersensitivity? - ANSWER-
Poison Ivy, Contact dermatitis
What is metastatic cancer? - ANSWER- When cancer invades
surrounding cells
What is the main goal of systemic chemotherapy? - ANSWER- Kills all
fast/mutated replicating cells
Difference between benign & malignant tumors? - ANSWER- Benign
are encapsulated and grow slowly; Malignant is fast spreading
What are the steps of carcinogenesis? - ANSWER- Initiation-
(alteration, change, or mutation of genes arising spontaneously or
induced by exposure to a carcinogenic agent)
Promotion- (lengthy and reversible process in which actively
proliferating preneoplastic cells accumulate)
Progression- (final stage of neoplastic transformation, where genetic
and phenotypic changes and cell proliferation occur)
What is anaplasia? - ANSWER- Lack of cell differentiation
pg. 3
, 4|Page
Regard fluid & sodium retention in kidney disease patients, what are you
monitoring? - ANSWER- Fluid intake & output. Check patient's weight
and BP frequently
What is Azotemia? - ANSWER- Excess nitrogen waste in the blood
What can cause Hydronephrosis? - ANSWER- Obstruction of ureter
(Renal stones)
Manifestation of Wilma’s Tumor? - ANSWER- Hypertension, Mass in
CVA, usually within children
What is the term for inflammation of the bladder lining? - ANSWER-
Cystitis
What type of incontinence is due to increased intra-abdominal pressure?
-
ANSWER- Stress Incontinence
Term for when children wet the bed at night after age where bladder
control should be present? - ANSWER- Nocturnal Enuresis
What is the order of filtration flow through the kidneys? - ANSWER-
Bowman's Capsule, Proximal Convoluted Tubules, Loop of Henley,
Distal Convoluted Tubules, Collecting Duct
pg. 4
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
LATEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE
250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
Which type of White blood cells are responsible for cell-mediated
immunity and production of immunoglobulins? - ANSWER-
Lymphocytes (B-cells)
What is leukocytosis? - ANSWER- Increased White blood cell count
What are manifestations of Scabies? - ANSWER- Mites burrowing in
the skin, small streaks, intense itching
What kind of infection is a cold sore? - ANSWER- Herpes Simplex 1
Most common type of bacteria that cause skin infections? - ANSWER-
Staph
Burn that affects epidermis and part of dermis, is this full or partial
thickness? - ANSWER- Partial thickness
What would you see in 3rd Degree Burns? - ANSWER- Blackened
tissue
pg. 1
,2|Page
What is pruritis? - ANSWER- itching of the skin
What is erythema? What causes it? - ANSWER- Redness of the skin;
increased blood flow due to release of histamine
What type of cancer is Squamous Cell Carcinoma? - ANSWER- Cancer
of the skin
How does old age affect the skin? - ANSWER- Skin gets thin, elasticity
is decreased, subcutaneous fat decreases
What can cause gout? - ANSWER- Increased uric acid
What is osteoporosis? - ANSWER- Loss of bone density, can be due to
aging
When a joint temporarily moves out of its original position? -
ANSWER- Dislocation
What is the bone disease that occurs in adults due to Vitamin D
deficiency? And in children? - ANSWER- Osteoma Asia; Rickets
Example of artificial active immunity? - ANSWER- Vaccines
pg. 2
,3|Page
Example of artificial passive immunity? - ANSWER- Injection of
antibodies
What is an example of Type 4 (delayed) Hypersensitivity? - ANSWER-
Poison Ivy, Contact dermatitis
What is metastatic cancer? - ANSWER- When cancer invades
surrounding cells
What is the main goal of systemic chemotherapy? - ANSWER- Kills all
fast/mutated replicating cells
Difference between benign & malignant tumors? - ANSWER- Benign
are encapsulated and grow slowly; Malignant is fast spreading
What are the steps of carcinogenesis? - ANSWER- Initiation-
(alteration, change, or mutation of genes arising spontaneously or
induced by exposure to a carcinogenic agent)
Promotion- (lengthy and reversible process in which actively
proliferating preneoplastic cells accumulate)
Progression- (final stage of neoplastic transformation, where genetic
and phenotypic changes and cell proliferation occur)
What is anaplasia? - ANSWER- Lack of cell differentiation
pg. 3
, 4|Page
Regard fluid & sodium retention in kidney disease patients, what are you
monitoring? - ANSWER- Fluid intake & output. Check patient's weight
and BP frequently
What is Azotemia? - ANSWER- Excess nitrogen waste in the blood
What can cause Hydronephrosis? - ANSWER- Obstruction of ureter
(Renal stones)
Manifestation of Wilma’s Tumor? - ANSWER- Hypertension, Mass in
CVA, usually within children
What is the term for inflammation of the bladder lining? - ANSWER-
Cystitis
What type of incontinence is due to increased intra-abdominal pressure?
-
ANSWER- Stress Incontinence
Term for when children wet the bed at night after age where bladder
control should be present? - ANSWER- Nocturnal Enuresis
What is the order of filtration flow through the kidneys? - ANSWER-
Bowman's Capsule, Proximal Convoluted Tubules, Loop of Henley,
Distal Convoluted Tubules, Collecting Duct
pg. 4
