Intro - method used to modify Effective
criminal behaviour to reduce P - success with those who have undergone treatment Benefits for prison environment Lack of voluntary consent
E - 2000, natural experiment 50 prisoners completed CALM P - benefits for both staff and inmates P - It is a requirement, often court
overall aggression and levels of
E - reduce anger and aggression, even without links to mandated
recidivism. ( controlling anger learning to manage), 37 hadn’t (control),
completed rated less angry - self report. 92% improve on one aggression still creates a hostil environment, maintainingE - Against ethical code of therapists,
order, reforming inmates ready for release based on valid informed consent
measure 48% on two.
E - Barhami suggests it is effective in reducing anger in E - May lead to not as active
E - reducing overall levels of anger, participation, leading to ineffective
prison sees
L - Taylor, Novato 75% improvement in their study. Short term results, typically against the law,
L- more calm and less hostile environment
success, not long term 8% deteriorate. voluntary score higher on self report
at the end
Are anger and aggression related ?
L - cost benefit, may benefit society
P - if anger doesn’t contribute to aggression, it may be irrelevant.
less violence etc.
E - Loza & Fanous, links based on lab studies with students, in study 300 male
Real life! prisoners no difference in anger in aggressive and non aggressive, violent may
Leon McKenzie - profession mask anger.
E - dangerous blame anger for violence instead of taking responsibility.
boxer
L - Howells - much violence happen without anger.
Introduction
• taught bottle emotions = • Modi cation - reducing emotional
violent outbursts response, change the way a person
• Real progress in controlling handles anger and aggression.
anger, helped develop his • Form of CBT, used within prisons and
own technique, modify his
behaviour stop serious
incident.
Anger after reduce recidivism, 46% adults,
67% under 18 reoffend in 1 year
Aim
management To control anger
• Reduce emotional response (A)
• Short term - reduce overall anger
Behaviour modification and aggression, regulating auroral
levels
• Long term - reduce recidivism +
crime rates
Stress inoculation Used for...
Novaco 193 1977 formof • control anger, those unable to
Usually in group setting, used for offenders, control emotional response,
reduce anger in future situations. resulting in violence, criminals.
1. Conceptualisation - analyse patterns of • Antisocial behaviour - hostile
anger + situations which provoke it attribution bias, due to irrational
Continued Novaco theories … thinking, negative impressions,
2. Skill acquisition - skills to manage anger, self 1. Cognitive restructuring - greater self
regulation, relaxation. Taught better awareness increase in anger
communication avoid anger. 2. Regulation of arousal - learning to control
3. Application - apply in role plays, similar to old physiological state
situations that made anger increase, receive 3. Behavioural strategies - problem solving,
feedback and use in real life. strategic withdrawal.
, Intro - Nature explanation Determinist Explaining non violent crime Brain differences
insinuating criminal behaviour P - Person born with P - Most research based on P - in order for genes to be the explanation for criminal behaviour
these genes is application to violent crime there must be a physical or psychological effect.
is based upon genetic factors. E - Possibility is differences in the brain caused by
predisposed to later E - Generally involving violence
Adoption studies behaviour and psychopathy, father to neurotransmitters.
E - Repsonsibility based offspring seem to cause E - However a large explanation seen to be similar within
P - Inherited criminality as
numerous criminals is brain injury, 8.5% in America and 60% in
explanation for crime holds upon mental capacity inheritance. prisons.
credibility due to rather than genetic E - Due to a lack of empathy they L - Brain differences caused by nature not genes.
methodologies of research factors. are more likely to commit a crime,
E - Use of t win & adoption E - study in Finland evidence personality trait
studies reinforce suggested those with inherited Blonigen, genetic basis Introduction
E- Crowe adopted children predisposed genes 13 for over 600 t wins. • could explain antisocial + criminal
with criminal parent 38% times more likely to be L - Accurate representation for behaviour, mainly violent acts.
more likely to have criminal criminal however does violent crime even though may not • Nature explanation, in uenced by
record by 18. Adopted children not mean everyone is. be succeptsble to other types of biological factors and inherited
without criminal mother 6%. L - element of free will crime. genes
Menick - 14,000 adoptees involved, environmental
15% sons adopted to criminal factors still play a role.
family = criminals, 20%
Inherited
biological = criminals.
L- Genes play a factor due to
natur in uence having less The genes
signi cant in uence. MAOA(warrior gene)
criminality • enzyme responsible for breakdown of
neurotransmitters, dopamine, noradrenaline,
serotonin.
Epigenetic Biological explanation • Dysfunction =insuf cient breakdown
The environment and other factors can switch genes neurotransmitters
on and off by epigenomes - diathesis stress • Low serotonin = impulsivity, impulse out of anger
• Capsi et al - one factor mistreatment in childhood. etc
followed 1000 babies from 1970s, assessed • Dopamine hyperactivity = increased aggression ,
antisocial behaviour at 26. feeling reward when aggressive
• 12% men with low MAOA, maltreatment CDH13
responsible 44% violent crime. • substance abuse and ADHD, alcohol increase
impulsivity
Differences in the brain Combination
• genes in uence brain differences or differences in 13x more likely , history violent behaviour .
neurotransmitters
• Raine differences in brains links brain + aggression Evidence
• Murders = lower activity in prefrontal, actions Bruner et al (93)
unregulated, increase impulsivity + control of actions Family who committed crimes all low MAOA
• If combined with neurotransmitters de ciencies lack Twin studies
serotonin, more predisposed to violent actions Lang - 10 sets identical t wins in prison 2 fraternal
• High levels of dopamine worsen, criminals are born not Link bet ween genetics identical 100% of DNA
made
criminal behaviour to reduce P - success with those who have undergone treatment Benefits for prison environment Lack of voluntary consent
E - 2000, natural experiment 50 prisoners completed CALM P - benefits for both staff and inmates P - It is a requirement, often court
overall aggression and levels of
E - reduce anger and aggression, even without links to mandated
recidivism. ( controlling anger learning to manage), 37 hadn’t (control),
completed rated less angry - self report. 92% improve on one aggression still creates a hostil environment, maintainingE - Against ethical code of therapists,
order, reforming inmates ready for release based on valid informed consent
measure 48% on two.
E - Barhami suggests it is effective in reducing anger in E - May lead to not as active
E - reducing overall levels of anger, participation, leading to ineffective
prison sees
L - Taylor, Novato 75% improvement in their study. Short term results, typically against the law,
L- more calm and less hostile environment
success, not long term 8% deteriorate. voluntary score higher on self report
at the end
Are anger and aggression related ?
L - cost benefit, may benefit society
P - if anger doesn’t contribute to aggression, it may be irrelevant.
less violence etc.
E - Loza & Fanous, links based on lab studies with students, in study 300 male
Real life! prisoners no difference in anger in aggressive and non aggressive, violent may
Leon McKenzie - profession mask anger.
E - dangerous blame anger for violence instead of taking responsibility.
boxer
L - Howells - much violence happen without anger.
Introduction
• taught bottle emotions = • Modi cation - reducing emotional
violent outbursts response, change the way a person
• Real progress in controlling handles anger and aggression.
anger, helped develop his • Form of CBT, used within prisons and
own technique, modify his
behaviour stop serious
incident.
Anger after reduce recidivism, 46% adults,
67% under 18 reoffend in 1 year
Aim
management To control anger
• Reduce emotional response (A)
• Short term - reduce overall anger
Behaviour modification and aggression, regulating auroral
levels
• Long term - reduce recidivism +
crime rates
Stress inoculation Used for...
Novaco 193 1977 formof • control anger, those unable to
Usually in group setting, used for offenders, control emotional response,
reduce anger in future situations. resulting in violence, criminals.
1. Conceptualisation - analyse patterns of • Antisocial behaviour - hostile
anger + situations which provoke it attribution bias, due to irrational
Continued Novaco theories … thinking, negative impressions,
2. Skill acquisition - skills to manage anger, self 1. Cognitive restructuring - greater self
regulation, relaxation. Taught better awareness increase in anger
communication avoid anger. 2. Regulation of arousal - learning to control
3. Application - apply in role plays, similar to old physiological state
situations that made anger increase, receive 3. Behavioural strategies - problem solving,
feedback and use in real life. strategic withdrawal.
, Intro - Nature explanation Determinist Explaining non violent crime Brain differences
insinuating criminal behaviour P - Person born with P - Most research based on P - in order for genes to be the explanation for criminal behaviour
these genes is application to violent crime there must be a physical or psychological effect.
is based upon genetic factors. E - Possibility is differences in the brain caused by
predisposed to later E - Generally involving violence
Adoption studies behaviour and psychopathy, father to neurotransmitters.
E - Repsonsibility based offspring seem to cause E - However a large explanation seen to be similar within
P - Inherited criminality as
numerous criminals is brain injury, 8.5% in America and 60% in
explanation for crime holds upon mental capacity inheritance. prisons.
credibility due to rather than genetic E - Due to a lack of empathy they L - Brain differences caused by nature not genes.
methodologies of research factors. are more likely to commit a crime,
E - Use of t win & adoption E - study in Finland evidence personality trait
studies reinforce suggested those with inherited Blonigen, genetic basis Introduction
E- Crowe adopted children predisposed genes 13 for over 600 t wins. • could explain antisocial + criminal
with criminal parent 38% times more likely to be L - Accurate representation for behaviour, mainly violent acts.
more likely to have criminal criminal however does violent crime even though may not • Nature explanation, in uenced by
record by 18. Adopted children not mean everyone is. be succeptsble to other types of biological factors and inherited
without criminal mother 6%. L - element of free will crime. genes
Menick - 14,000 adoptees involved, environmental
15% sons adopted to criminal factors still play a role.
family = criminals, 20%
Inherited
biological = criminals.
L- Genes play a factor due to
natur in uence having less The genes
signi cant in uence. MAOA(warrior gene)
criminality • enzyme responsible for breakdown of
neurotransmitters, dopamine, noradrenaline,
serotonin.
Epigenetic Biological explanation • Dysfunction =insuf cient breakdown
The environment and other factors can switch genes neurotransmitters
on and off by epigenomes - diathesis stress • Low serotonin = impulsivity, impulse out of anger
• Capsi et al - one factor mistreatment in childhood. etc
followed 1000 babies from 1970s, assessed • Dopamine hyperactivity = increased aggression ,
antisocial behaviour at 26. feeling reward when aggressive
• 12% men with low MAOA, maltreatment CDH13
responsible 44% violent crime. • substance abuse and ADHD, alcohol increase
impulsivity
Differences in the brain Combination
• genes in uence brain differences or differences in 13x more likely , history violent behaviour .
neurotransmitters
• Raine differences in brains links brain + aggression Evidence
• Murders = lower activity in prefrontal, actions Bruner et al (93)
unregulated, increase impulsivity + control of actions Family who committed crimes all low MAOA
• If combined with neurotransmitters de ciencies lack Twin studies
serotonin, more predisposed to violent actions Lang - 10 sets identical t wins in prison 2 fraternal
• High levels of dopamine worsen, criminals are born not Link bet ween genetics identical 100% of DNA
made
