TB Introduction To Statistical Investiga-
n n n n
tionsb 2nd Edition Beth L.Chance
n n n n n
Chapter 1 n
IntroductionntonStatisticalnInvestigationsnTestnBank
Note:n TEn =n Textnentry TE-Nn =n Textnentryn-
NumericnMan =n Matching
n MSn =n Multiplenselect
MCn =n Multiplenchoice TFn =n True-
FalsenEn=nEasy,nMn=nMedium,nHn=nHard
CHAPTER 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
n n n
CLO1-1:nUsenthenchancenmodelntondeterminenwhethernannobservednstatisticnisnunlikelyntonoccur.
CLO1-2:nCalculatenandninterpretnanp-
value,nandnstatenthenstrengthnofnevidencenitnprovidesnagainstnthennullnhypothesis.
CLO1-
3:nCalculatenanstandardizednstatisticnfornansinglenproportionnandnevaluatenthenstrengthnofnevi
dencenitnprovidesnagainstnannullnhypothesis.
CLO1-
4:nDescribenhownthendistancenofnthenobservednstatisticnfromnthenparameternvaluenspecifiedn
bynthennullnhypothesis,nsamplensize,nandnone-nvs.ntwo-
sidedntestsnaffectnthenstrengthnofnevidencenagainstnthennullnhypothesis.
CLO1-5:nDescribenhowntoncarrynoutnantheory-based,none-proportionnz-test.
Section 1.1: Introduction to Chance Models
n n n n n
LO1.1-1:nRecognizenthendifferencenbetweennparametersnandnstatistics.
LO1.1-2:nDescribenhowntonusencoinntossingntonsimulatenoutcomesnfromnanchancenmodelnofnthenran-
ndomnchoicenbetweenntwonevents.
LO1.1-3:nUsenthenOnenProportionnappletntoncarrynoutnthencoinntossingnsimulation.
LO1.1-
4:nIdentifynwhethernornnotnstudynresultsnarenstatisticallynsignificantnandnwhethernornnotnthenc
hancenmodelnisnanplausiblenexplanationnfornthendata.
LO1.1-
5:nImplementnthen3Snstrategy:nfindnanstatistic,nsimulatenresultsnfromnanchancenmodel,nand
ncommentnonnstrengthnofnevidencenagainstnobservednstudynresultsnhappeningnbynchance
nalone.
LO1.1-
6:nDifferentiatenbetweennsayingnthenchancenmodelnisnplausiblenandnthenchancenmodelnisnthe
ncorrectnexplanationnfornthenobservedndata.
FORnINSTRUCTORnUSEnONLY
,1-2 TestnBanknfornIntroductionntonStatisticalnInvestigations,n2ndnEdition
Questionsn1nthroughn4:
DonrednuniformnwearersntendntonwinnmorenoftennthannthosenwearingnbluenuniformsninnTaekw
ondonmatchesnwherencompetitorsnarenrandomlynassignedntonwearneithernanrednornbluenunifo
rm?nInnansamplenofn80nTaekwondonmatches,ntherenweren45nmatchesnwherenthenrednuniform
nwearernwon.
1. Whatnisnthenparameternofninterestnfornthisnstudy?
A. Thenlong-
runnproportionnofnTaekwondonmatchesninnwhichnthenrednuniformnwearernwins
B. Thenproportionnofnmatchesninnwhichnthenrednuniformnwearernwinsninnansamplenofn80n
Taekwondonmatches
C. Whethernthenrednuniformnwearernwinsnanmatch
D. 0.50
Ans:nA;nLO:n1.1-1;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nMC
2. Whatnisnthenstatisticnfornthisnstudy?
A. Thenlong-
runnproportionnofnTaekwondonmatchesninnwhichnthenrednuniformnwearernwins
B. Thenproportionnofnmatchesninnwhichnthenrednuniformnwearernwinsninnansamplenofn80n
Taekwondonmatches
C. Whethernthenrednuniformnwearernwinsnanmatch
D. 0.50
Ans:nB;nLO:n1.1-1;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nMC
3. Givennbelownisnthensimulatedndistributionnofnthennumbernofn―rednwins‖nthatncouldnhappennbyn
chancenaloneninnansamplenofn80nmatches.nBasednonnthisnsimulation,nisnournobservednresultn
statisticallynsignificant?
A. Yes,nsincen45nisnlargernthann40.
B. Yes,nsincenthenheightnofnthendotplotnaboven45nisnsmallernthannthenheightnofnthen
dotplotnaboven40.
C. No,nsincen45nisnanfairlyntypicalnoutcomenifnthencolornofnthenwinner‘snuniformnwasn
determinednbynchancenalone.
FORnINSTRUCTORnUSEnONLY
, IntroductionntonFinancialnStatements 1-3
D. No,nsincenwencouldnhavenobservednanvaluengreaternthann45njustnbynrandomnchance.
Ans:nC;nLO:n1.1-4;nDifficulty:nMedium;nType:nMC
4. Whatncannwenconcludenfromnthenresultsnofnthisnstudy?nSelectnallnthatnapply.
A. Thenresultsnofnthisnstudynarensomethingnthatncouldneasilynhavenhappenednifnthen
colornofnthenwinner‘snuniformnwasndeterminednbynchancenalone.
B. Wendonnotnhavenconvincingnevidencenagainstnthen―by-chance-alone‖nmodel.
C. Thenresultsnofnthisnstudynproventhatnthencolornofnthenwinner‘snuniformnwasn
determinednbynchancenalone.
D. Wendonnotnhavenconvincingnevidencenthatnrednuniformnwearersntendntonwinnmoren
oftennthannthosenwearingnbluenuniforms.
Ans:nA,nB,nD;nLO:n1.1-6;nDifficulty:nHard;nType:nMS
Questionsn5nthroughn8:
Supposenyounarentestingntonseenifnyourndog,nHope,nunderstandsnpointingntowardsnannobject.nYounpl
acentwonobjectsnaboutn2.5nmetersnaway,nthennyounpointntowardsnonenofnthenobjects.nInn20ntrials,nHo
pengoesntonthencorrectnobjectn13ntimesn(orn65%).
5. FillninnthenblanksnwithnthencorrectnOnenProportionnappletninputsntoncarrynoutnannappropriaten
simulationnofnthisnprocess,nifnHopendoesnnotnunderstandnpointingntowardsnannobjectnandnisn
justnguessing.
Probabilitynofnsuccess:n
n Samplen
size:n
Numbernofn samples:n
Ans:n0.5n(Tol:n0),n20n(Tol:n0),nAnynintegernasnlargernornlargernthann1000;nLO:n1.1-
3;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nTE-N
6. Matchnthenpartsnofnthenrealnstudyncorrespondingntonthenphysicaln(coin-flipping)nsimulation:
Coinnflipn=n A. 0.5,nprobabilitynofnHopengoingntonthen
correctnobject
H
n
B. Hopengoingntonthencorrectnobject
eadsn=n
C. Hopengoingntonthenincorrectnobject
Ta
n
D. Onensetnofn20nattemptsnbynHope
ilsn=n
E. Hopengoingntonannobject
Chancenofnheadsn=n
O
n
nenrepetitionn=n
Ans:nE,nB,nC,nA,nD;nLO:n1.1-2;nDifficulty:nMedium;nType:nMa
FORnINSTRUCTORnUSEnONLY
, 1-4 TestnBanknfornIntroductionntonStatisticalnInvestigations,n2ndnEdition
7. GivennbelownisnthenresultingnsimulationndistributionnfromnthenOnenProportionnapplet.nBasedn
onnthisnsimulation,ndonwenhavenconvincingnevidencenagainstnthenobservednstudynresultsnha
ppeningnbynchancenalone?
A. No,nsincen0.65nisnanfairlyntypicalnoutcomenifn Hopenwasnjustnguessing.
B. No,nsincenwencouldnhavenobservednanvaluengreaternthann0.65njustnbynrandomn
chance.
C. Yes,nsincen0.65nisnlargernthann0.5.
D. Yes,nsincenthenheightnofnthendotplotnaboven0.65nisnsmallernthannthenheightnofnthen
dotplotnaboven0.5.
Ans:nA;nLO:n1.1-5;nDifficulty:nMedium;nType:nMC
8. WhichnofnthenfollowingnisnNOTnanstepninnthen3SnStrategynfornmeasuringnstrengthnofn
evidence?
A. Strengthnofnevidence
B. Statistic
C. Sample
D. Simulate
Ans:nC;nLO:n1.1-5;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nMC
Questionsn9nthroughn12:
TruenornFalse?
9. Anparameternisnannumbernsummarizingnthenresultsninnthensample.
Ans:nFalse;nLO:n1.1-1;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nTF
10. Anresultnthatnisnunlikelyntonoccurnjustnbynchancenalonenisncallednstatisticallynsignificant.
Ans:nTrue;nLO:n1.1-4;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nTF
11. Ifnannobservednstatisticnisnstatisticallynsignificant,nthennwenhavenstrongnevidencenthatnthen
chance-alonenexplanationnisncorrect.
Ans:nFalse;nLO:n1.1-5;nDifficulty:nMedium;nType:nTF
12. IfnannobservednstatisticnisnNOTnstatisticallynsignificant,nthennthenchancenmodelnisnplausible.
FORnINSTRUCTORnUSEnONLY
n n n n
tionsb 2nd Edition Beth L.Chance
n n n n n
Chapter 1 n
IntroductionntonStatisticalnInvestigationsnTestnBank
Note:n TEn =n Textnentry TE-Nn =n Textnentryn-
NumericnMan =n Matching
n MSn =n Multiplenselect
MCn =n Multiplenchoice TFn =n True-
FalsenEn=nEasy,nMn=nMedium,nHn=nHard
CHAPTER 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
n n n
CLO1-1:nUsenthenchancenmodelntondeterminenwhethernannobservednstatisticnisnunlikelyntonoccur.
CLO1-2:nCalculatenandninterpretnanp-
value,nandnstatenthenstrengthnofnevidencenitnprovidesnagainstnthennullnhypothesis.
CLO1-
3:nCalculatenanstandardizednstatisticnfornansinglenproportionnandnevaluatenthenstrengthnofnevi
dencenitnprovidesnagainstnannullnhypothesis.
CLO1-
4:nDescribenhownthendistancenofnthenobservednstatisticnfromnthenparameternvaluenspecifiedn
bynthennullnhypothesis,nsamplensize,nandnone-nvs.ntwo-
sidedntestsnaffectnthenstrengthnofnevidencenagainstnthennullnhypothesis.
CLO1-5:nDescribenhowntoncarrynoutnantheory-based,none-proportionnz-test.
Section 1.1: Introduction to Chance Models
n n n n n
LO1.1-1:nRecognizenthendifferencenbetweennparametersnandnstatistics.
LO1.1-2:nDescribenhowntonusencoinntossingntonsimulatenoutcomesnfromnanchancenmodelnofnthenran-
ndomnchoicenbetweenntwonevents.
LO1.1-3:nUsenthenOnenProportionnappletntoncarrynoutnthencoinntossingnsimulation.
LO1.1-
4:nIdentifynwhethernornnotnstudynresultsnarenstatisticallynsignificantnandnwhethernornnotnthenc
hancenmodelnisnanplausiblenexplanationnfornthendata.
LO1.1-
5:nImplementnthen3Snstrategy:nfindnanstatistic,nsimulatenresultsnfromnanchancenmodel,nand
ncommentnonnstrengthnofnevidencenagainstnobservednstudynresultsnhappeningnbynchance
nalone.
LO1.1-
6:nDifferentiatenbetweennsayingnthenchancenmodelnisnplausiblenandnthenchancenmodelnisnthe
ncorrectnexplanationnfornthenobservedndata.
FORnINSTRUCTORnUSEnONLY
,1-2 TestnBanknfornIntroductionntonStatisticalnInvestigations,n2ndnEdition
Questionsn1nthroughn4:
DonrednuniformnwearersntendntonwinnmorenoftennthannthosenwearingnbluenuniformsninnTaekw
ondonmatchesnwherencompetitorsnarenrandomlynassignedntonwearneithernanrednornbluenunifo
rm?nInnansamplenofn80nTaekwondonmatches,ntherenweren45nmatchesnwherenthenrednuniform
nwearernwon.
1. Whatnisnthenparameternofninterestnfornthisnstudy?
A. Thenlong-
runnproportionnofnTaekwondonmatchesninnwhichnthenrednuniformnwearernwins
B. Thenproportionnofnmatchesninnwhichnthenrednuniformnwearernwinsninnansamplenofn80n
Taekwondonmatches
C. Whethernthenrednuniformnwearernwinsnanmatch
D. 0.50
Ans:nA;nLO:n1.1-1;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nMC
2. Whatnisnthenstatisticnfornthisnstudy?
A. Thenlong-
runnproportionnofnTaekwondonmatchesninnwhichnthenrednuniformnwearernwins
B. Thenproportionnofnmatchesninnwhichnthenrednuniformnwearernwinsninnansamplenofn80n
Taekwondonmatches
C. Whethernthenrednuniformnwearernwinsnanmatch
D. 0.50
Ans:nB;nLO:n1.1-1;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nMC
3. Givennbelownisnthensimulatedndistributionnofnthennumbernofn―rednwins‖nthatncouldnhappennbyn
chancenaloneninnansamplenofn80nmatches.nBasednonnthisnsimulation,nisnournobservednresultn
statisticallynsignificant?
A. Yes,nsincen45nisnlargernthann40.
B. Yes,nsincenthenheightnofnthendotplotnaboven45nisnsmallernthannthenheightnofnthen
dotplotnaboven40.
C. No,nsincen45nisnanfairlyntypicalnoutcomenifnthencolornofnthenwinner‘snuniformnwasn
determinednbynchancenalone.
FORnINSTRUCTORnUSEnONLY
, IntroductionntonFinancialnStatements 1-3
D. No,nsincenwencouldnhavenobservednanvaluengreaternthann45njustnbynrandomnchance.
Ans:nC;nLO:n1.1-4;nDifficulty:nMedium;nType:nMC
4. Whatncannwenconcludenfromnthenresultsnofnthisnstudy?nSelectnallnthatnapply.
A. Thenresultsnofnthisnstudynarensomethingnthatncouldneasilynhavenhappenednifnthen
colornofnthenwinner‘snuniformnwasndeterminednbynchancenalone.
B. Wendonnotnhavenconvincingnevidencenagainstnthen―by-chance-alone‖nmodel.
C. Thenresultsnofnthisnstudynproventhatnthencolornofnthenwinner‘snuniformnwasn
determinednbynchancenalone.
D. Wendonnotnhavenconvincingnevidencenthatnrednuniformnwearersntendntonwinnmoren
oftennthannthosenwearingnbluenuniforms.
Ans:nA,nB,nD;nLO:n1.1-6;nDifficulty:nHard;nType:nMS
Questionsn5nthroughn8:
Supposenyounarentestingntonseenifnyourndog,nHope,nunderstandsnpointingntowardsnannobject.nYounpl
acentwonobjectsnaboutn2.5nmetersnaway,nthennyounpointntowardsnonenofnthenobjects.nInn20ntrials,nHo
pengoesntonthencorrectnobjectn13ntimesn(orn65%).
5. FillninnthenblanksnwithnthencorrectnOnenProportionnappletninputsntoncarrynoutnannappropriaten
simulationnofnthisnprocess,nifnHopendoesnnotnunderstandnpointingntowardsnannobjectnandnisn
justnguessing.
Probabilitynofnsuccess:n
n Samplen
size:n
Numbernofn samples:n
Ans:n0.5n(Tol:n0),n20n(Tol:n0),nAnynintegernasnlargernornlargernthann1000;nLO:n1.1-
3;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nTE-N
6. Matchnthenpartsnofnthenrealnstudyncorrespondingntonthenphysicaln(coin-flipping)nsimulation:
Coinnflipn=n A. 0.5,nprobabilitynofnHopengoingntonthen
correctnobject
H
n
B. Hopengoingntonthencorrectnobject
eadsn=n
C. Hopengoingntonthenincorrectnobject
Ta
n
D. Onensetnofn20nattemptsnbynHope
ilsn=n
E. Hopengoingntonannobject
Chancenofnheadsn=n
O
n
nenrepetitionn=n
Ans:nE,nB,nC,nA,nD;nLO:n1.1-2;nDifficulty:nMedium;nType:nMa
FORnINSTRUCTORnUSEnONLY
, 1-4 TestnBanknfornIntroductionntonStatisticalnInvestigations,n2ndnEdition
7. GivennbelownisnthenresultingnsimulationndistributionnfromnthenOnenProportionnapplet.nBasedn
onnthisnsimulation,ndonwenhavenconvincingnevidencenagainstnthenobservednstudynresultsnha
ppeningnbynchancenalone?
A. No,nsincen0.65nisnanfairlyntypicalnoutcomenifn Hopenwasnjustnguessing.
B. No,nsincenwencouldnhavenobservednanvaluengreaternthann0.65njustnbynrandomn
chance.
C. Yes,nsincen0.65nisnlargernthann0.5.
D. Yes,nsincenthenheightnofnthendotplotnaboven0.65nisnsmallernthannthenheightnofnthen
dotplotnaboven0.5.
Ans:nA;nLO:n1.1-5;nDifficulty:nMedium;nType:nMC
8. WhichnofnthenfollowingnisnNOTnanstepninnthen3SnStrategynfornmeasuringnstrengthnofn
evidence?
A. Strengthnofnevidence
B. Statistic
C. Sample
D. Simulate
Ans:nC;nLO:n1.1-5;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nMC
Questionsn9nthroughn12:
TruenornFalse?
9. Anparameternisnannumbernsummarizingnthenresultsninnthensample.
Ans:nFalse;nLO:n1.1-1;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nTF
10. Anresultnthatnisnunlikelyntonoccurnjustnbynchancenalonenisncallednstatisticallynsignificant.
Ans:nTrue;nLO:n1.1-4;nDifficulty:nEasy;nType:nTF
11. Ifnannobservednstatisticnisnstatisticallynsignificant,nthennwenhavenstrongnevidencenthatnthen
chance-alonenexplanationnisncorrect.
Ans:nFalse;nLO:n1.1-5;nDifficulty:nMedium;nType:nTF
12. IfnannobservednstatisticnisnNOTnstatisticallynsignificant,nthennthenchancenmodelnisnplausible.
FORnINSTRUCTORnUSEnONLY
