QUESTIONS FOR N110 EXAM WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What do we easily remember? What do we easily forget?
Easily Remember: faces, interactions of important humans, surprising events, emotional
events, interesting things, processed info (as a barista, making coffee), repeated info
(rehearsal)
Bad at remembering: anything unimportant. The brain filters unimportant info.
Consolidation is what and occurs where?
Consolidation is turning short-term memory into long-term memory. It is located in the
hippocampus.
Patient "S" - what did he have?
He had a "limitless memory;" basically everything went into Patient S's long term
memory.
Videos vs lectures in memory
Videos are easier to remember because they make you believe you've experienced an
event while lectures are just listening to someone else.
Can we multitask well?
Multitasking does not support consolidation, so no.
Best method of studying?
Self-testing, recall. NOT re-reading/rehearsing.
,PTSD: What neuromodulator causes it? What increases PTSD risk? What drug is
used to decrease PTSD? What method is used when taking this drug?
1. Norepinephrine
2. Stimulants like Adderall
3. Beta blocker
4. Recall memory -> give beta blocker -> no PTSD. This is the process of
"reconsolidation."
What do you call someone who has extraordinary memory but limited mental
abilities?
Savant
ex: can play thousands of pieces of music from memory, but can't give you exact
change for a dollar.
Types of amnesia (3) and their definitions
Anterograde amnesia: Can't remember events after injury
Retrograde amnesia: Can't remember events before injury
Global amnesia: Both types of memory loss.
Patient HM - what injury did he have, what disease did he have?
1. Lesion to the hippocampus (site of consolidation)
2. Had anterograde amnesia (couldn't remember anything after his injury, but easily
remembered everything before his injury)
What type specific types of memory deficit mental is associated with
hippocampus damage?
,Specifically NEW FACTS!!! Skills were maintained well after hippocampus damage.
Therefore, the hippocampus is specifically the site of NEW FACT CONSOLIDATION,
not other forms of memory.
London taxi drivers - what effect on the brain happens when someone becomes a
taxi driver? What does this mean for students?
Their hippocampus gets bigger, which is associated with a greater fact memory (ie:
street names and locations) and higher IQ.
Environmental Enrichment - What effects did it have on animal models with
various neurological disorders that went from standard environment to enriched
environment? What neurotoxin was given to rats? What was the difference
between control rats in a standard environment and toxinated rats in the enriched
environment?
1. Most symptoms decreased, increased cognitive ability,
2. Lead
3. The rats toxinated with lead (neurotoxin) in an enriched environment had better
memory than normal rats in a standard environment.
1. What was the syndrome that children raised in Romanian orphanages had due
to a lack of interaction and care?
2. What percent of people have autism in general populations vs the Romanian
orphanages?
3. What environment were these kids later placed in? What was the effect?
1. Post-institutional autism syndrome (PIAS if you forget on the test). It is a nongenetic
form of autism.
, 2. 1-2% vs 33%
3. Enriched environment; many symptoms decreased.
When copied in children with genetic autism, there was a treatment that mimics
an enriched environment to help with symptoms.
1. What was it called?
2. What symptoms did it alleviate in the kids?
3. Is its effects long term or short term?
4. What ages did this treatment work on?
5. What severities of autism was this effect at?
1. Sensory enrichment therapy - Giving children with autism novel sensory stimulus.
2. This improved social behavior, repetitive behavior, IQ levels, abnormal sensory
responses (Bright light), communication. 21% of children in sensory enrichment therapy
no longer have autism
3. Long-term effects
4. All ages
5. All severities
With sensory enrichment therapy, what results in better outcomes?
Compliance
What else is Sensory Enrichment therapy good at treating besides autism?
ADHD and depression; no medication is needed.
What 3 things did people think were associated with autism and why? What was
the evidence against these reasons?
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What do we easily remember? What do we easily forget?
Easily Remember: faces, interactions of important humans, surprising events, emotional
events, interesting things, processed info (as a barista, making coffee), repeated info
(rehearsal)
Bad at remembering: anything unimportant. The brain filters unimportant info.
Consolidation is what and occurs where?
Consolidation is turning short-term memory into long-term memory. It is located in the
hippocampus.
Patient "S" - what did he have?
He had a "limitless memory;" basically everything went into Patient S's long term
memory.
Videos vs lectures in memory
Videos are easier to remember because they make you believe you've experienced an
event while lectures are just listening to someone else.
Can we multitask well?
Multitasking does not support consolidation, so no.
Best method of studying?
Self-testing, recall. NOT re-reading/rehearsing.
,PTSD: What neuromodulator causes it? What increases PTSD risk? What drug is
used to decrease PTSD? What method is used when taking this drug?
1. Norepinephrine
2. Stimulants like Adderall
3. Beta blocker
4. Recall memory -> give beta blocker -> no PTSD. This is the process of
"reconsolidation."
What do you call someone who has extraordinary memory but limited mental
abilities?
Savant
ex: can play thousands of pieces of music from memory, but can't give you exact
change for a dollar.
Types of amnesia (3) and their definitions
Anterograde amnesia: Can't remember events after injury
Retrograde amnesia: Can't remember events before injury
Global amnesia: Both types of memory loss.
Patient HM - what injury did he have, what disease did he have?
1. Lesion to the hippocampus (site of consolidation)
2. Had anterograde amnesia (couldn't remember anything after his injury, but easily
remembered everything before his injury)
What type specific types of memory deficit mental is associated with
hippocampus damage?
,Specifically NEW FACTS!!! Skills were maintained well after hippocampus damage.
Therefore, the hippocampus is specifically the site of NEW FACT CONSOLIDATION,
not other forms of memory.
London taxi drivers - what effect on the brain happens when someone becomes a
taxi driver? What does this mean for students?
Their hippocampus gets bigger, which is associated with a greater fact memory (ie:
street names and locations) and higher IQ.
Environmental Enrichment - What effects did it have on animal models with
various neurological disorders that went from standard environment to enriched
environment? What neurotoxin was given to rats? What was the difference
between control rats in a standard environment and toxinated rats in the enriched
environment?
1. Most symptoms decreased, increased cognitive ability,
2. Lead
3. The rats toxinated with lead (neurotoxin) in an enriched environment had better
memory than normal rats in a standard environment.
1. What was the syndrome that children raised in Romanian orphanages had due
to a lack of interaction and care?
2. What percent of people have autism in general populations vs the Romanian
orphanages?
3. What environment were these kids later placed in? What was the effect?
1. Post-institutional autism syndrome (PIAS if you forget on the test). It is a nongenetic
form of autism.
, 2. 1-2% vs 33%
3. Enriched environment; many symptoms decreased.
When copied in children with genetic autism, there was a treatment that mimics
an enriched environment to help with symptoms.
1. What was it called?
2. What symptoms did it alleviate in the kids?
3. Is its effects long term or short term?
4. What ages did this treatment work on?
5. What severities of autism was this effect at?
1. Sensory enrichment therapy - Giving children with autism novel sensory stimulus.
2. This improved social behavior, repetitive behavior, IQ levels, abnormal sensory
responses (Bright light), communication. 21% of children in sensory enrichment therapy
no longer have autism
3. Long-term effects
4. All ages
5. All severities
With sensory enrichment therapy, what results in better outcomes?
Compliance
What else is Sensory Enrichment therapy good at treating besides autism?
ADHD and depression; no medication is needed.
What 3 things did people think were associated with autism and why? What was
the evidence against these reasons?
