N110 MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Who believed in the reticular theory?
Golgi
Who believed in the neuron doctrine?
Ramon y Cajal
Who came up with the idea of the synapse?
Sherrington
What is the theory that the brain is one continuous network?
reticular theory
What is the theory that the brain has neurons?
the neuron doctrine
Action potentials encode information through
A. amplitude
B. period
C. charge
D. frequency
d (frequency)
Is hyperpolarizing more negative or positive?
negative
,What causes more spikes aka action potentials?
depolarization
No matter how much you hyperpolarize there is not really a response (T/F)
T (true)
What is the charge at which the Na-gated channels open?
threshold
What is the theory that neuron have a resting potential caused by selective
permeability?
Bernstein's hypothesis
What is the theory that during an action potential, there is brief permeability to all
ions?
Bernstein's hypothesis
What is selectively permeable in Bernstein's hypothesis?
ions
What is the difference between pumps and channels?
pumps go against the gradient, channels go with (the gradient)
During initial conditions, V=0 and KCl is more abundant inside neuron than
outside. At equilibrium, and resting potentials, what is the mV?
-58mV
An aquarium is divided by a membrane that is NOT permeable to any ion. If you
add 10 mM KCl to one side and 1 mM KCl to the other, the potential difference
between the two sides is 58 mV. (T/F)
T (true)
, What looks at the log of the concentration of K out v. K in?
Nerst equation
What gives a formula that relates the numerical values of the concentration
gradient to the electric gradient that balances it?
Nerst equation
The Nernst Equation:
A. Applies only to situations where the membrane is permeable to a single ion
B. Predicts that the movement of an ion down its [ ] gradient varies linearly with
ion concentrations on both sides of the membrane
C. Predicts that an infinitely large membrane potential will be generated if ions
were present only on one side of the membrane
D. Two of the above
E. All of the above
D (A and C are correct)
For the resting membrane charge and the slope of the K+ gradient, if you have a
10 time increase, you would see about a _______ difference.
-58mV
Resting membrane charge varies ______ in respect to K+ [ ] on both sides of the
membrane
logarithmically
What does the Goldman equation depend on?
K
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Who believed in the reticular theory?
Golgi
Who believed in the neuron doctrine?
Ramon y Cajal
Who came up with the idea of the synapse?
Sherrington
What is the theory that the brain is one continuous network?
reticular theory
What is the theory that the brain has neurons?
the neuron doctrine
Action potentials encode information through
A. amplitude
B. period
C. charge
D. frequency
d (frequency)
Is hyperpolarizing more negative or positive?
negative
,What causes more spikes aka action potentials?
depolarization
No matter how much you hyperpolarize there is not really a response (T/F)
T (true)
What is the charge at which the Na-gated channels open?
threshold
What is the theory that neuron have a resting potential caused by selective
permeability?
Bernstein's hypothesis
What is the theory that during an action potential, there is brief permeability to all
ions?
Bernstein's hypothesis
What is selectively permeable in Bernstein's hypothesis?
ions
What is the difference between pumps and channels?
pumps go against the gradient, channels go with (the gradient)
During initial conditions, V=0 and KCl is more abundant inside neuron than
outside. At equilibrium, and resting potentials, what is the mV?
-58mV
An aquarium is divided by a membrane that is NOT permeable to any ion. If you
add 10 mM KCl to one side and 1 mM KCl to the other, the potential difference
between the two sides is 58 mV. (T/F)
T (true)
, What looks at the log of the concentration of K out v. K in?
Nerst equation
What gives a formula that relates the numerical values of the concentration
gradient to the electric gradient that balances it?
Nerst equation
The Nernst Equation:
A. Applies only to situations where the membrane is permeable to a single ion
B. Predicts that the movement of an ion down its [ ] gradient varies linearly with
ion concentrations on both sides of the membrane
C. Predicts that an infinitely large membrane potential will be generated if ions
were present only on one side of the membrane
D. Two of the above
E. All of the above
D (A and C are correct)
For the resting membrane charge and the slope of the K+ gradient, if you have a
10 time increase, you would see about a _______ difference.
-58mV
Resting membrane charge varies ______ in respect to K+ [ ] on both sides of the
membrane
logarithmically
What does the Goldman equation depend on?
K
