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What is the priority intervention for symptomatic bradycardia in a four-year-old child?
A.Administer intravenous atropine
B.Administer intravenous epinephrine
C.Initiate bag-mask ventilation
D.Initiate transcutaneous pacing
C
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Identifying and treating other causes, chest compressions, and epinephrine are interventions
for pediatric bradycardia with signs of poor perfusion that are not improved by adequate
oxygenation and ventilation. Atropine and pacing may be considered if there is no response
to the other interventions.
A 5-year-old child presents to the emergency department after being hit by a car. The patient
complains of left upper quadrant pain, and the focused assessment with sonography for
trauma (FAST) exam shows fluid around her spleen. Which of the following findings would
be an early indication of ongoing blood loss?
A.Widening pulse pressure
B.Bradycardia
C.Decreasing diastolic blood pressure
D.Weak peripheral pulses
D
Early signs of hypovolemic shock include tachycardia and delayed capillary refill. The nurse
may note a strong central pulse but weaker peripheral pulses, indicating the child is
compensating by shunting blood to their core.
Which of the following patients should be evaluated first?
A.A 3-year-old with a dislodged gastrostomy tube
B.An 18-month-old with bilious emesis
C.A 12-year-old with vomiting after a handlebar injury
D.A 3-month-old with periods of inconsolable crying
B
The presence of bilious emesis is especially concerning because it may be indicative of an
immediately life-threatening bowel obstruction. A dislodged gastrostomy tube should be
reinserted within 4-6 hours to prevent stoma closure. Vomiting following a handlebar injury
may be indicative of many possible injuries, but does not take precedence unless other
symptoms are present. Infantile colic is described as inconsolable crying in infants, 2 weeks
to 4 months old, for up to 3 hours per day, more than 3 days per week, and lasting for more
than 3 weeks.
, inconsolable crying
rule of 3s:
crying more than 3 hours per day, more than three days per week, for longer than three weeks
A three-year-old is rescued after being submerged in a pool for several minutes. On arrival
the patient is responsive to painful stimuli with shallow respirations, diminished breath
sounds, and an occasional cough. Which of the following interventions is the initial
management priority?
A.Initiation of abdominal thrusts to remove fluid from the lungs
B.Insertion of orogastric to remove of water and debris from stomach
C.Endotracheal intubation to provide positive pressure ventilation
D.Removal of wet clothing to prevent hypothermia
C
The primary survey assessment and treatment of deficits are the priority. Airway control and
positive pressure ventilation while preparing for intubation of a child who meets intubation
criteria (GCS < 8) should be performed while also maintaining cervical spine stabilization.
The child is responsive only to painful stimuli, has shallow respirations, and diminished
breath sounds. All of these are breathing problems and must be addressed immediately.
Removing wet clothing is necessary, but is not the main priority initially. With intubation an
orogastric tube will be placed and abdominal thrusts are not necessary to remove fluid from
the abdomen.
A 3-month-old is brought to the emergency department with new onset of fever. You note the
child to be pale, tachypneic, and tachycardic, with weak distal pulses. Which intervention is
the priority for this patient?
A.Administer an appropriate dose of an antipyretic
B.Infuse a rapid 10-20 mL/kg bolus of an isotonic crystalloid
C.Prepare a broad spectrum antibiotic infusion
D.Administer a vasoactive medication
B