NURBN2023 UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
What is asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Heterogeneous disease with airway blockage and
inflammation.
What are some triggers of asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Allergens, pollution, exercise,
cold air, respiratory infection.
What are the types of asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Allergic, non-allergic, aspirin-
induced, exercise-induced, cough-variant asthma.
What happens during airway blockage in asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bands of muscle
in airways tighten.
What happens during inflammation in asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Red, swollen
bronchial tubes in lungs with bronchial smooth muscle spasm, production of thick mucus,
vascular congestion, oedema formation, thickening of airway walls.
What is airway irritability? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased sensitivity of airways to
various stimuli.
What are some symptoms of asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - SOB, expiratory wheeze,
cough, chest tightness, dyspnoea, bronchoconstriction, tachycardia, tachypnoea.
What is spirometry? - CORRECT ANSWER - FEV1/FVC = PEF.
What are B2 receptor agonists? - CORRECT ANSWER - Relax smooth muscles and act as
relievers.
, What are inhaled/oral corticosteroids? - CORRECT ANSWER - Daily prevention and reduce
inflammation as preventers.
What are short acting muscarinic antagonists? - CORRECT ANSWER - Block muscarinic
cholinergic receptors and inhibit secretions as relievers.
What is COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - Progressive chronic disease with irreversible
obstruction of airways.
What are some risk factors for COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - Smoking, genetics, inhaled
noxious particles.
What are some symptoms of COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - SOB, wheezing, chest
tightness, chronic cough (productive), frequent respiratory infections, fatigue, dyspnoea.
What are some diagnostic tests for COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - FBC, arterial blood gas
test, X-ray, pulmonary function test.
What causes airflow limitation in COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - Damage to small airways
from chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
What is chronic bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypersecretion of mucus, chronic
productive cough for > 3 months of 1y for 2y consecutively. Ongoing inflammation = increased
size/number of mucous glands & goblet cells in airway epithelium.
What is emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER - Destruction of alveolar septa, which
eliminates portions of pulmonary capillary bed & increases volume of air in the alveoli.
What are some treatments for COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - Short acting bronchodilators,
corticosteroids, long acting bronchodilators, mucolytic drugs.
and CORRECT Answers
What is asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Heterogeneous disease with airway blockage and
inflammation.
What are some triggers of asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Allergens, pollution, exercise,
cold air, respiratory infection.
What are the types of asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Allergic, non-allergic, aspirin-
induced, exercise-induced, cough-variant asthma.
What happens during airway blockage in asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bands of muscle
in airways tighten.
What happens during inflammation in asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Red, swollen
bronchial tubes in lungs with bronchial smooth muscle spasm, production of thick mucus,
vascular congestion, oedema formation, thickening of airway walls.
What is airway irritability? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased sensitivity of airways to
various stimuli.
What are some symptoms of asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER - SOB, expiratory wheeze,
cough, chest tightness, dyspnoea, bronchoconstriction, tachycardia, tachypnoea.
What is spirometry? - CORRECT ANSWER - FEV1/FVC = PEF.
What are B2 receptor agonists? - CORRECT ANSWER - Relax smooth muscles and act as
relievers.
, What are inhaled/oral corticosteroids? - CORRECT ANSWER - Daily prevention and reduce
inflammation as preventers.
What are short acting muscarinic antagonists? - CORRECT ANSWER - Block muscarinic
cholinergic receptors and inhibit secretions as relievers.
What is COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - Progressive chronic disease with irreversible
obstruction of airways.
What are some risk factors for COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - Smoking, genetics, inhaled
noxious particles.
What are some symptoms of COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - SOB, wheezing, chest
tightness, chronic cough (productive), frequent respiratory infections, fatigue, dyspnoea.
What are some diagnostic tests for COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - FBC, arterial blood gas
test, X-ray, pulmonary function test.
What causes airflow limitation in COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - Damage to small airways
from chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
What is chronic bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypersecretion of mucus, chronic
productive cough for > 3 months of 1y for 2y consecutively. Ongoing inflammation = increased
size/number of mucous glands & goblet cells in airway epithelium.
What is emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER - Destruction of alveolar septa, which
eliminates portions of pulmonary capillary bed & increases volume of air in the alveoli.
What are some treatments for COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER - Short acting bronchodilators,
corticosteroids, long acting bronchodilators, mucolytic drugs.
