FUNDAMENTALS
Infection Control
Hand hygiene
➔ Handwashing with antimicrobial or plain soap and water
➔ Alcohol based products
◆ Gels
◆ Foams
◆ Rinses
PPE
➔ Gloves:
◆ Should be clean and fitted
◆ Wash hands before and after wearing gloves
➔ Masks:
◆ Used for airborne, droplet and contact precautions
◆ Mandated by CDC when dealing with precautions
➔ Respirators:
◆ OSHA standard require respirators used for airborne precautions
◆ N95 intended to be used for protection against solids
● Must be fit tested before use
➔ Face and eye protection:
◆ Goggles, shiels, safety glasses, full face respirators,
◆ Prescription eyeglasses and contacts are NOT protection
Precautions
➔ There are 2 tiers of CDC precautions to prevent transmission of infectious agents
◆ Standard precautions
◆ Transmission based precautions
Standard Precautions Transmission Based Precautions
➔ Applied to care for all patients ➔ Addresses isolation precautions
◆ Based on the mode of
➔ Used with blood, blood products, body transmission of the disease
fluids, secretions, excretions (except ● 3 categories: contact,
sweat), non intact skin and mucous droplet and airborne
membranes
➔ Used for patients with highly
➔ Practices include: hand hygiene, transmissible pathogens
, gloves, mask, face shield, respiratory
hygiene, cough etiquette, safe ➔ Perform hand hygiene prior to
injection practices entering and leaving isolation room
➔ Properly dispose contaminated
supplies and equipment according to
agency policy
Cough Etiquette
➔ CDC recommended respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette be component of standard
precaution in 2013
➔ Steps include:
◆ Cover mouth/nose during a cough or sneeze
◆ Use facial tissue
◆ Wear surgical mask if coughing
◆ Turn head when coughing and stay 3 feet away
◆ Disinfect hands after contact with respiratory secretions
General Considerations
➔ Fingernails should extend no more than ¼ inches past the nail bed
➔ Artificial nails should be avoided
Mobility
Active Range of Motion Passive Range of Motion
distance/direction of a joint when it’s moved distance/direction of a joint when it’s moved
voluntarily by the patient and supervised by external force (usually by the nurse)
Assistive Devices
➔ object/ piece of equipment or technology designed to help an individual achieve or
maintain daily activities and independence
➔ Bed rest/ immobile patients are at risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE)
◆ Best preventive strategy is early ambulation if patient is able to ambulate
◆ If patient is unable to ambulate elastic stockings and sequential compression
devices should be applied
Infection Control
Hand hygiene
➔ Handwashing with antimicrobial or plain soap and water
➔ Alcohol based products
◆ Gels
◆ Foams
◆ Rinses
PPE
➔ Gloves:
◆ Should be clean and fitted
◆ Wash hands before and after wearing gloves
➔ Masks:
◆ Used for airborne, droplet and contact precautions
◆ Mandated by CDC when dealing with precautions
➔ Respirators:
◆ OSHA standard require respirators used for airborne precautions
◆ N95 intended to be used for protection against solids
● Must be fit tested before use
➔ Face and eye protection:
◆ Goggles, shiels, safety glasses, full face respirators,
◆ Prescription eyeglasses and contacts are NOT protection
Precautions
➔ There are 2 tiers of CDC precautions to prevent transmission of infectious agents
◆ Standard precautions
◆ Transmission based precautions
Standard Precautions Transmission Based Precautions
➔ Applied to care for all patients ➔ Addresses isolation precautions
◆ Based on the mode of
➔ Used with blood, blood products, body transmission of the disease
fluids, secretions, excretions (except ● 3 categories: contact,
sweat), non intact skin and mucous droplet and airborne
membranes
➔ Used for patients with highly
➔ Practices include: hand hygiene, transmissible pathogens
, gloves, mask, face shield, respiratory
hygiene, cough etiquette, safe ➔ Perform hand hygiene prior to
injection practices entering and leaving isolation room
➔ Properly dispose contaminated
supplies and equipment according to
agency policy
Cough Etiquette
➔ CDC recommended respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette be component of standard
precaution in 2013
➔ Steps include:
◆ Cover mouth/nose during a cough or sneeze
◆ Use facial tissue
◆ Wear surgical mask if coughing
◆ Turn head when coughing and stay 3 feet away
◆ Disinfect hands after contact with respiratory secretions
General Considerations
➔ Fingernails should extend no more than ¼ inches past the nail bed
➔ Artificial nails should be avoided
Mobility
Active Range of Motion Passive Range of Motion
distance/direction of a joint when it’s moved distance/direction of a joint when it’s moved
voluntarily by the patient and supervised by external force (usually by the nurse)
Assistive Devices
➔ object/ piece of equipment or technology designed to help an individual achieve or
maintain daily activities and independence
➔ Bed rest/ immobile patients are at risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE)
◆ Best preventive strategy is early ambulation if patient is able to ambulate
◆ If patient is unable to ambulate elastic stockings and sequential compression
devices should be applied
