BIO 669 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(GRADED A+)
_____/_______/_________ immunity: physical, mechanical, biochemical barriers. This is the _______
line of defense
Prevent __________ from bacteria
Includes ________, chemicals like _______, defensins, _________
Innate/Natural/Native
first
penetration
skin, sweat, lysozyme
___________ is the second line of defense
inflammation
______________/_____________/_____________ is the third line of defense
Adaptive/acquired/specific
Physical barriers in the first line of defense:
________-
___________ of the GI/GU/respiratory tracts
____________ of cells, the pathogen is sloughed off with dead skin cells
___________ &_________ eliminates irritants
____________-urine
____________-clear out potential problems from GI tract
__________& ___________- used in airway to trap particles and cilia can help move mucous up to
esophagus, put in GI tract and broken down through the action of digestion
skin
linings
sloughing
sneezing and coughing
flushing
vomiting
cilia and mucous
1st line of defense includes the ________ cell (same as below)
Saliva, earwax, tears, sweat and mucous are all secreted by the _____________ cell. Antimicrobial
peptides: cathelicidins, definsins, collectins, mannose-binding lectin
epithelial
,The 1st line of defense also includes: A normal ___________ includes each surface being colonized by
bacteria and fungi that is unique to the particular location and individual.
microbiome
The 2nd line of defense: ___________ response. It is the _______ immune response to an injury.
It is specific/nonspecific, caused by a variety of materials:
____________, tissue necrosis, trauma, injury, foreign bodies, immune reaction, ischemia, etc.
Local S&S:
redness-___________, heat-____________, swelling-___________-, pain, loss of function
inflammatory response
first
infection
rubor-redness, callor-heat, swelling-tumor
2nd line of defense: The inflammatory response includes
1. Blood vessel ___________-
2. Increased/Decreased vascular ___________ & ____________-
3. WBC __________ to the inner walls of the vessels and __________ through the vessels
dilation
Increased vascular permeability & leakage
adhere, migrate
The vascular response of blood vessel dilation is brought on by ______________, serotonin, and
__________ that all increase vascular ____________-, decrease linkage between cells, allow for
pericellular movement, allow for leakage of fluid and proteins into the __________ from the
___________, increasing fluid movement into the __________, bringing _____ & _________, inc bf, inc
redness to area which serves the purpose of improving temperature for enzyme function, for healing,
fighting pathogens, diluting toxins, increasing ___________ to the area, increasing ____________
__________ to allow for potential id of these pathogens.
histamines, bradykinin, permeability
tissues
vasculature
tissues
heat
swelling
oxygen
lymphatic drainage
goals of inflammation (2nd immune response)
-Prevent & limit further damage
-Initiate the _________ immune response: produce more _______, draw WBCs to area, increase cell
__________ molecules that bring WBCs in
-Initiate healing by bringing in _____________ that engulf damaged tissue and allow for initiation of
new blood vessels to try and bring in __________ for the healing process
, - Limit and control the inflammatory process
The ___________ immune response can release mediators to help turn down immune response
Inflammation causes _____________- small vessels will clot off to wall of the damaged area and
prevent it from growing if possible.
adaptive, WBC
adhesion
macrophages
oxygen
adaptive
hypercoagulability
plasma protein systems
Complement system
Clotting system
Kinin system
Protein systems are part of the ____________ immune response and are in the plasma ready to go if
needed, but they are in ___________ form. They require ___________ to initiate their effects, clear
out ___________ immune complexes, ___________ pathogens for ______________, help to stimulate
further _________ and __________-the drawing of specific WBC to damaged area
1. Complement system that complements: ____________
2. _______________ system: limits bleeding associated with trauma & limits infection spread
3. ______________ system: helps to ramp up inflammation even further.
____________-main kinin acts like a histamine to inc vasculature permeability to allow for more fluid
and cells to enter hurt tissue
innate
inactivated
activation
antibody
identify
phagocytosis
inflammation
chemotaxis
1. antibodies
2. Clotting
Kinin system
bradykin
Plasma Protein Systems Part II:
All contain ________ enzymes aka ____enzymes
They are sequentially activated.
1. The first enzyme needs ________ to an active enzyme. The inactive enzyme is always there waiting
for a call.
2. A _________ of the activated enzyme becomes the next component in the cascade.
(GRADED A+)
_____/_______/_________ immunity: physical, mechanical, biochemical barriers. This is the _______
line of defense
Prevent __________ from bacteria
Includes ________, chemicals like _______, defensins, _________
Innate/Natural/Native
first
penetration
skin, sweat, lysozyme
___________ is the second line of defense
inflammation
______________/_____________/_____________ is the third line of defense
Adaptive/acquired/specific
Physical barriers in the first line of defense:
________-
___________ of the GI/GU/respiratory tracts
____________ of cells, the pathogen is sloughed off with dead skin cells
___________ &_________ eliminates irritants
____________-urine
____________-clear out potential problems from GI tract
__________& ___________- used in airway to trap particles and cilia can help move mucous up to
esophagus, put in GI tract and broken down through the action of digestion
skin
linings
sloughing
sneezing and coughing
flushing
vomiting
cilia and mucous
1st line of defense includes the ________ cell (same as below)
Saliva, earwax, tears, sweat and mucous are all secreted by the _____________ cell. Antimicrobial
peptides: cathelicidins, definsins, collectins, mannose-binding lectin
epithelial
,The 1st line of defense also includes: A normal ___________ includes each surface being colonized by
bacteria and fungi that is unique to the particular location and individual.
microbiome
The 2nd line of defense: ___________ response. It is the _______ immune response to an injury.
It is specific/nonspecific, caused by a variety of materials:
____________, tissue necrosis, trauma, injury, foreign bodies, immune reaction, ischemia, etc.
Local S&S:
redness-___________, heat-____________, swelling-___________-, pain, loss of function
inflammatory response
first
infection
rubor-redness, callor-heat, swelling-tumor
2nd line of defense: The inflammatory response includes
1. Blood vessel ___________-
2. Increased/Decreased vascular ___________ & ____________-
3. WBC __________ to the inner walls of the vessels and __________ through the vessels
dilation
Increased vascular permeability & leakage
adhere, migrate
The vascular response of blood vessel dilation is brought on by ______________, serotonin, and
__________ that all increase vascular ____________-, decrease linkage between cells, allow for
pericellular movement, allow for leakage of fluid and proteins into the __________ from the
___________, increasing fluid movement into the __________, bringing _____ & _________, inc bf, inc
redness to area which serves the purpose of improving temperature for enzyme function, for healing,
fighting pathogens, diluting toxins, increasing ___________ to the area, increasing ____________
__________ to allow for potential id of these pathogens.
histamines, bradykinin, permeability
tissues
vasculature
tissues
heat
swelling
oxygen
lymphatic drainage
goals of inflammation (2nd immune response)
-Prevent & limit further damage
-Initiate the _________ immune response: produce more _______, draw WBCs to area, increase cell
__________ molecules that bring WBCs in
-Initiate healing by bringing in _____________ that engulf damaged tissue and allow for initiation of
new blood vessels to try and bring in __________ for the healing process
, - Limit and control the inflammatory process
The ___________ immune response can release mediators to help turn down immune response
Inflammation causes _____________- small vessels will clot off to wall of the damaged area and
prevent it from growing if possible.
adaptive, WBC
adhesion
macrophages
oxygen
adaptive
hypercoagulability
plasma protein systems
Complement system
Clotting system
Kinin system
Protein systems are part of the ____________ immune response and are in the plasma ready to go if
needed, but they are in ___________ form. They require ___________ to initiate their effects, clear
out ___________ immune complexes, ___________ pathogens for ______________, help to stimulate
further _________ and __________-the drawing of specific WBC to damaged area
1. Complement system that complements: ____________
2. _______________ system: limits bleeding associated with trauma & limits infection spread
3. ______________ system: helps to ramp up inflammation even further.
____________-main kinin acts like a histamine to inc vasculature permeability to allow for more fluid
and cells to enter hurt tissue
innate
inactivated
activation
antibody
identify
phagocytosis
inflammation
chemotaxis
1. antibodies
2. Clotting
Kinin system
bradykin
Plasma Protein Systems Part II:
All contain ________ enzymes aka ____enzymes
They are sequentially activated.
1. The first enzyme needs ________ to an active enzyme. The inactive enzyme is always there waiting
for a call.
2. A _________ of the activated enzyme becomes the next component in the cascade.
