BIO 669 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(GRADED A+)
Renal Fascia
Fatty layer (can be damaged with extreme fat loss)
Cortex
Outer portion of the kidney that contains the glomeruli and beginning of the nephrons
Medulla
Inner layer that contains the renal pyramids
Loop of Henle and Vasorecta
Allows for concentration of the urine
Renal Pyramids
Triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney and contains the papilla (where fluid and
urine will leak and drip out of)
Cortical Nephrons
Least extending into the medulla (make up 85% of nephrons)
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Extend the furthest - the way humans are able to preserve water when dehydrated
Bowmans Capsule
Covers the glomerulus and helps to capture fluid that leaks out of the glomerulus
Principle Cells
Reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+ in distal tubule (help to reabsorb sodium and get rid of potassium - they
are sensitive to Aldosterone!)
Intercalated Cells
Secrete H+ and reabsorb K+ and HCO3- (involved in acid-base balance)
Afferent Arterioles
Contain Juxtaglomerular cells which secrete the hormone renin (and are very sensitive to changes in
VOLUME and PRESSURE!!!)
Macula Densa
Sensitive to SODIUM levels (so if Na+ increases in concentration - the flow rate will increase)
Distal Convoluted Tubules
(GRADED A+)
Renal Fascia
Fatty layer (can be damaged with extreme fat loss)
Cortex
Outer portion of the kidney that contains the glomeruli and beginning of the nephrons
Medulla
Inner layer that contains the renal pyramids
Loop of Henle and Vasorecta
Allows for concentration of the urine
Renal Pyramids
Triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney and contains the papilla (where fluid and
urine will leak and drip out of)
Cortical Nephrons
Least extending into the medulla (make up 85% of nephrons)
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Extend the furthest - the way humans are able to preserve water when dehydrated
Bowmans Capsule
Covers the glomerulus and helps to capture fluid that leaks out of the glomerulus
Principle Cells
Reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+ in distal tubule (help to reabsorb sodium and get rid of potassium - they
are sensitive to Aldosterone!)
Intercalated Cells
Secrete H+ and reabsorb K+ and HCO3- (involved in acid-base balance)
Afferent Arterioles
Contain Juxtaglomerular cells which secrete the hormone renin (and are very sensitive to changes in
VOLUME and PRESSURE!!!)
Macula Densa
Sensitive to SODIUM levels (so if Na+ increases in concentration - the flow rate will increase)
Distal Convoluted Tubules
