BIO 669 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(GRADED A+)
What is the conducting airways?
The mechanical act of having airflow into and out of the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles.
Do not participate in gas exchange
Components: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and nonrespiratory bronchioles.
What is respiratory airways?
Actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the membrane
Components: Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli
what are type 1 alveolar cells?
structural- help allow for exchange across the membrane
what are type 2 alveolar cells?
surfactant producers
What does surfactant do?
protein that reduces surface tension inside the alveolar or respiratory membrane.
helps to interfere with the hydrogen bond (what makes things tighter) and loosen it so that the alveoli
can inflate
what happens to the pulmonary artery during acidemia?
The pulmonary artery constricts.
How many of the pulmonary veins are filled with blood?
1/3
why does the pulmonary artery constrict during acidemia?
constricts to reduce blood flow to an area that has CO2 build-up
What is the alveolocapillary membrane?
It is formed by shared alveolar and capillary walls, structures include the thin membrane of alveolar
epithelium, alveolar basement membrane, interstitial space, capillary basement membrane, and
capillary endothelium.
the wall that oxygen and CO2 have to cross for respiration to occur
, what does the caliber of the pulmonary artery mean?
the radius
what happens to the pressure in the thoracic cavity as your chest expands?
the pressure of the thoracic cavity drops causing inspiration (Air going in)
what direction does air go in regard to pressure?
from high pressure to low pressure, like fluid
what is the visceral layer connected to?
it is connected to the lungs
what is the parietal layer connected to?
it is connected to the chest wall
What does pleural fluid do?
it connects the parietal and the visceral layer and helps to reduce friction
what is the function of the pulmonary system?
ventilate the alveoli, diffuse gases into and out of the blood (respiration), perfuse the lungs with blood
so the body receives oxygen
What does a spirometer do?
measures volume of air that we are able to control
What is vital capacity?
the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath.
What is tidal volume?
the amount of air you move in and out during quiet breathing
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
additional inspired air over and above tidal volume
What is expiratory reserve volume?
volume of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled forcibly
What is residual volume?
Air in lungs after maximal expiration that we are not able to fully eliminate.
Cannot be measured on spirometry
what is functional residual capacity?
(GRADED A+)
What is the conducting airways?
The mechanical act of having airflow into and out of the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles.
Do not participate in gas exchange
Components: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and nonrespiratory bronchioles.
What is respiratory airways?
Actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the membrane
Components: Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli
what are type 1 alveolar cells?
structural- help allow for exchange across the membrane
what are type 2 alveolar cells?
surfactant producers
What does surfactant do?
protein that reduces surface tension inside the alveolar or respiratory membrane.
helps to interfere with the hydrogen bond (what makes things tighter) and loosen it so that the alveoli
can inflate
what happens to the pulmonary artery during acidemia?
The pulmonary artery constricts.
How many of the pulmonary veins are filled with blood?
1/3
why does the pulmonary artery constrict during acidemia?
constricts to reduce blood flow to an area that has CO2 build-up
What is the alveolocapillary membrane?
It is formed by shared alveolar and capillary walls, structures include the thin membrane of alveolar
epithelium, alveolar basement membrane, interstitial space, capillary basement membrane, and
capillary endothelium.
the wall that oxygen and CO2 have to cross for respiration to occur
, what does the caliber of the pulmonary artery mean?
the radius
what happens to the pressure in the thoracic cavity as your chest expands?
the pressure of the thoracic cavity drops causing inspiration (Air going in)
what direction does air go in regard to pressure?
from high pressure to low pressure, like fluid
what is the visceral layer connected to?
it is connected to the lungs
what is the parietal layer connected to?
it is connected to the chest wall
What does pleural fluid do?
it connects the parietal and the visceral layer and helps to reduce friction
what is the function of the pulmonary system?
ventilate the alveoli, diffuse gases into and out of the blood (respiration), perfuse the lungs with blood
so the body receives oxygen
What does a spirometer do?
measures volume of air that we are able to control
What is vital capacity?
the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath.
What is tidal volume?
the amount of air you move in and out during quiet breathing
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
additional inspired air over and above tidal volume
What is expiratory reserve volume?
volume of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled forcibly
What is residual volume?
Air in lungs after maximal expiration that we are not able to fully eliminate.
Cannot be measured on spirometry
what is functional residual capacity?
