UNDERSTANDING PATHO EXAM SUCCESS: ULTIMATE
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Cultures of the bacteria revealed
lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface. Which of the complement pathways would be
activated in this case?
A. Classical pathway
B. Kinin pathway
C. Lectin pathway
D. Alternative pathway
D. Alternative pathway
When phagocytes begin to stick avidly to capillary walls, which process is occurring?
A. Integration
B. Margination
C. Exudation
D. Emigration
B. Margination
A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic
reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. Toxoids
D. IgM
B. IgE
An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune
response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens.
Which cells should be isolated?
A. Helper T cells
B. Lymphokine-producing cells
C. Macrophages
D. Cytotoxic T cells
D. Cytotoxic T cells
Which of the following statements indicates more teaching is needed regarding secondary lymph
organs? ________is/are a secondary lymph organ.
A. The spleen
B. The liver
C. Adenoids
D. Peyer patches
B. The liver
,Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who:
A. Has T cells that become B cells
B. Receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor
C. Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
D. Receives immunoglobulin
C. Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria. Which medical
diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart?
A. Tetanus
B. Hepatitis
C. Malaria
D. Smallpox
A. Tetanus
An experiment is carried out to characterize newly discovered immunoglobulins. Specificity of the
amino acids within the immunoglobulin could be determined by studying the:
A. C region of the H chain
B. C region of the light chain
C. Complementary-determining region (CDR)
D. Framework regions
C. Complementary-determining region (CDR)
Self-antigens do not meet the requirements for immunogenicity because they lack which of the
following?
A. Virulence
B. Quantity
C. Foreignness
D. Size
C. Foreignness
After a patient is exposed to a specific antigen, B cells will differentiate into:
A. B cytotoxic cells
B. Plasma cells
C. Bursal cells
D. Clonal equivalents
B. Plasma cells
A cell that is produced in the thymus and interacts with MHC class II molecules would have which of
the following surface proteins?
A. Th1
B. CD4
C. CD8
D. Superantigen
, B. CD4
A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of the
following will most likely try to fight the antigen?
A. Self-antigens
B. Helper T cells
C. Antibodies
D. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Antibodies
While planning care for an elderly patient, the nurse remembers that
increased age is associated with (select all that apply):
A. Increased production of antibodies
B. Decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes
C. Decreased immune function
D. Increased T cell function
E. Decreased ability to fight infection
B. Decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes
C. Decreased immune function
E. Decreased ability to fight infection
Which portion of the antibody is responsible for the biologic functions of antibodies?
A. Variable region
B. Fc portion
C. Heavy chain
D. Epitope
B. Fc portion
Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection?
A. Antigens
B. T cells
C. B cells
D. Lymphocytes
A. Antigens
Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of
antibody in the serum is:
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgE
D. IgA
A. IgG
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Cultures of the bacteria revealed
lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface. Which of the complement pathways would be
activated in this case?
A. Classical pathway
B. Kinin pathway
C. Lectin pathway
D. Alternative pathway
D. Alternative pathway
When phagocytes begin to stick avidly to capillary walls, which process is occurring?
A. Integration
B. Margination
C. Exudation
D. Emigration
B. Margination
A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic
reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. Toxoids
D. IgM
B. IgE
An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune
response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens.
Which cells should be isolated?
A. Helper T cells
B. Lymphokine-producing cells
C. Macrophages
D. Cytotoxic T cells
D. Cytotoxic T cells
Which of the following statements indicates more teaching is needed regarding secondary lymph
organs? ________is/are a secondary lymph organ.
A. The spleen
B. The liver
C. Adenoids
D. Peyer patches
B. The liver
,Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who:
A. Has T cells that become B cells
B. Receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor
C. Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
D. Receives immunoglobulin
C. Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria. Which medical
diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart?
A. Tetanus
B. Hepatitis
C. Malaria
D. Smallpox
A. Tetanus
An experiment is carried out to characterize newly discovered immunoglobulins. Specificity of the
amino acids within the immunoglobulin could be determined by studying the:
A. C region of the H chain
B. C region of the light chain
C. Complementary-determining region (CDR)
D. Framework regions
C. Complementary-determining region (CDR)
Self-antigens do not meet the requirements for immunogenicity because they lack which of the
following?
A. Virulence
B. Quantity
C. Foreignness
D. Size
C. Foreignness
After a patient is exposed to a specific antigen, B cells will differentiate into:
A. B cytotoxic cells
B. Plasma cells
C. Bursal cells
D. Clonal equivalents
B. Plasma cells
A cell that is produced in the thymus and interacts with MHC class II molecules would have which of
the following surface proteins?
A. Th1
B. CD4
C. CD8
D. Superantigen
, B. CD4
A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of the
following will most likely try to fight the antigen?
A. Self-antigens
B. Helper T cells
C. Antibodies
D. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Antibodies
While planning care for an elderly patient, the nurse remembers that
increased age is associated with (select all that apply):
A. Increased production of antibodies
B. Decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes
C. Decreased immune function
D. Increased T cell function
E. Decreased ability to fight infection
B. Decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes
C. Decreased immune function
E. Decreased ability to fight infection
Which portion of the antibody is responsible for the biologic functions of antibodies?
A. Variable region
B. Fc portion
C. Heavy chain
D. Epitope
B. Fc portion
Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection?
A. Antigens
B. T cells
C. B cells
D. Lymphocytes
A. Antigens
Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of
antibody in the serum is:
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgE
D. IgA
A. IgG
