BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024 Comprehensive Questions and
Answers with 100% Accuracy |Updated 2025
Life History - (answers)Pattern of how organisms allocate time and energy among the various
activities throughout its life that affect survival, maturation, and reproduction
Life History Traits - (answers)Longevity, growth rate, age at sexual maturation, age at first
reproduction, number of reproductive bouts per lifetime, number of offspring per reproductive
bout
Ecdysis - (answers)periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles
(cicadas in lecture example)
Subimago - (answers)A life stage of certain insects that is NOT sexually mature, comes before
the imago stage.
Imago - (answers)Sexually mature version certain insects molt into after the subimago stage;
Imagos don't have well-developed mouthparts, so their main goal is to breed before they die.
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读的”
Iteroparous - (answers)Species that reproduce multiple times during their lives (ex: humans,
中文文章，还是一篇关于“眼睛”
dogs, frogs, etc) 主题的中文文章？
Semelparous - (answers)Species that reproduce only once in their life, but may produce MANY
offspring during that one time (ex: mayflies, tussock moths)
Iteroparity - (answers)A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns; often typical of
organisms whose survival chances increase once they reach maturity (type 1 or 2 survivorship,
but iteroparous organisms may have type 3 survivorship curves as well)
Semelparity - (answers)A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns; often typical of
organisms with type 3 survivorship (high early life stage mortality), including many fish, insects,
all annual plants, etc
,Phylogeny - (answers)a synonym for 'evolutionary tree,' a hypothesized diagram showing the
history of divergence and change from single ancestral lineage to its descendants,
Parsimony - (answers)used when constructing evolutionary trees; choice among alternatives that
require fewest number of evolutionary changes; the least complex explanation to explain data.
Also explains relationships among organisms: similarities and differences (appearance, function,
DNA, proteins), tips of branches (different species), and common ancestors (branch points)
Homologous characters - (answers)those that are similar in different organisms because they
were derived from a common ancestor. Ex: vertebrate forelimbs
Analogous characters - (answers)traits that serve a similar function but have separate
evolutionary origins, a result of convergent evolution. Ex: bird and bat wings.
Convergent evolution - (answers)similarity between species in certain traits that is caused by
similar, but evolutionary independent, responses to common environmental problems.
Homoplasy - (answers)similarity in the characters found in different species NOT inherited from
a common ancestor. Ex: cacti你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读的”
and euphorbs
中文文章，还是一篇关于“眼睛”
主题的中文文章？
Parallel evolution - (answers)similar phenotypes arise form similar developmental origins in
different species. Ex: attachment organs in larval stages of blind cave fish
Taxon (taxa) - (answers)any group of species that we designate or name (like vertebrates)
Clade - (answers)a taxon that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor
Vertebrate clade - (answers)having an embryo that develops within an amnion (an adaptation to
laying eggs on land) includes reptiles, birds, and mammals
, General events leading to speciation - (answers)populations become isolated physically,
beahviorally, etc; populations diverging in 1+ traits (mating behavior, etc); reproductive isolation
Why do rates of speciation vary? - (answers)habitat specialization, diet specialization, changes in
ploidy
Ploidy - (answers)an organism doubling their own chromosome number or being fertilized by
another species and then doubling chromosome number
2 commonly recognized modes of speciation - (answers)Allopatric and Sympatric
Allopatric Speciation - (answers)among populations with discontinuous distributions; dispersal,
peripatric, and vicariance
Allopatric dispersal - (answers)new populations established in area and subjected to unique
selective pressures
Peripatric - (answers)small isolated population drifts to become reproductively isolated
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读的”
中文文章，还是一篇关于“眼睛”
Vicariance - (answers)existing populations divided by physical barriers, ex: snapping shrimp in
Panama 主题的中文文章？
Sympatric Speciation - (answers)among populations with overlapping distributions; reproductive
isolation must occur without geographic isolation
Migration - (answers)Physical movement from one area to another and back again; allows
organisms to track resources and habitat quality; carries risks of predation and starvation; may be
under genetic control (like Monarch butterflies)
Dispersal - (answers)The one-way movement of an individual from the natal area; results in gene
flow if dispersers breed in new habitat; introduces mortality risk associated with movement
Answers with 100% Accuracy |Updated 2025
Life History - (answers)Pattern of how organisms allocate time and energy among the various
activities throughout its life that affect survival, maturation, and reproduction
Life History Traits - (answers)Longevity, growth rate, age at sexual maturation, age at first
reproduction, number of reproductive bouts per lifetime, number of offspring per reproductive
bout
Ecdysis - (answers)periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles
(cicadas in lecture example)
Subimago - (answers)A life stage of certain insects that is NOT sexually mature, comes before
the imago stage.
Imago - (answers)Sexually mature version certain insects molt into after the subimago stage;
Imagos don't have well-developed mouthparts, so their main goal is to breed before they die.
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读的”
Iteroparous - (answers)Species that reproduce multiple times during their lives (ex: humans,
中文文章，还是一篇关于“眼睛”
dogs, frogs, etc) 主题的中文文章？
Semelparous - (answers)Species that reproduce only once in their life, but may produce MANY
offspring during that one time (ex: mayflies, tussock moths)
Iteroparity - (answers)A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns; often typical of
organisms whose survival chances increase once they reach maturity (type 1 or 2 survivorship,
but iteroparous organisms may have type 3 survivorship curves as well)
Semelparity - (answers)A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns; often typical of
organisms with type 3 survivorship (high early life stage mortality), including many fish, insects,
all annual plants, etc
,Phylogeny - (answers)a synonym for 'evolutionary tree,' a hypothesized diagram showing the
history of divergence and change from single ancestral lineage to its descendants,
Parsimony - (answers)used when constructing evolutionary trees; choice among alternatives that
require fewest number of evolutionary changes; the least complex explanation to explain data.
Also explains relationships among organisms: similarities and differences (appearance, function,
DNA, proteins), tips of branches (different species), and common ancestors (branch points)
Homologous characters - (answers)those that are similar in different organisms because they
were derived from a common ancestor. Ex: vertebrate forelimbs
Analogous characters - (answers)traits that serve a similar function but have separate
evolutionary origins, a result of convergent evolution. Ex: bird and bat wings.
Convergent evolution - (answers)similarity between species in certain traits that is caused by
similar, but evolutionary independent, responses to common environmental problems.
Homoplasy - (answers)similarity in the characters found in different species NOT inherited from
a common ancestor. Ex: cacti你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读的”
and euphorbs
中文文章，还是一篇关于“眼睛”
主题的中文文章？
Parallel evolution - (answers)similar phenotypes arise form similar developmental origins in
different species. Ex: attachment organs in larval stages of blind cave fish
Taxon (taxa) - (answers)any group of species that we designate or name (like vertebrates)
Clade - (answers)a taxon that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor
Vertebrate clade - (answers)having an embryo that develops within an amnion (an adaptation to
laying eggs on land) includes reptiles, birds, and mammals
, General events leading to speciation - (answers)populations become isolated physically,
beahviorally, etc; populations diverging in 1+ traits (mating behavior, etc); reproductive isolation
Why do rates of speciation vary? - (answers)habitat specialization, diet specialization, changes in
ploidy
Ploidy - (answers)an organism doubling their own chromosome number or being fertilized by
another species and then doubling chromosome number
2 commonly recognized modes of speciation - (answers)Allopatric and Sympatric
Allopatric Speciation - (answers)among populations with discontinuous distributions; dispersal,
peripatric, and vicariance
Allopatric dispersal - (answers)new populations established in area and subjected to unique
selective pressures
Peripatric - (answers)small isolated population drifts to become reproductively isolated
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读的”
中文文章，还是一篇关于“眼睛”
Vicariance - (answers)existing populations divided by physical barriers, ex: snapping shrimp in
Panama 主题的中文文章？
Sympatric Speciation - (answers)among populations with overlapping distributions; reproductive
isolation must occur without geographic isolation
Migration - (answers)Physical movement from one area to another and back again; allows
organisms to track resources and habitat quality; carries risks of predation and starvation; may be
under genetic control (like Monarch butterflies)
Dispersal - (answers)The one-way movement of an individual from the natal area; results in gene
flow if dispersers breed in new habitat; introduces mortality risk associated with movement
