UNDERSTANDING PATHO EXAM SUCCESS: ULTIMATE
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the most
likely cause of this condition?
A. Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B. Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
D. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water balance is
closely related to _____ balance.
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Potassium
B. Sodium
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung
tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment
findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A. Weakness
B. Confusion
C. Muscle twitching
D. Nausea
E. Weight loss
A. Weakness
B. Confusion
C. Muscle twitching
D. Nausea
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Increased bicarbonate intake
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
B. Increased bicarbonate intake
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
A. Hypoaldosteronism
B. Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
, C. Retention of metabolic acids
D. Hyperventilation
B. Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
A patient has been reading on the Internet that light to moderate intake of alcohol is cardioprotective.
When the patient asks the nurse what this means, the nurse should respond that the heart is
protected by which of the following mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)
A. Prevention of clot formation
B. Reduction in platelet aggregation
C. Increased collateral circulation
D. Vasodilation
E. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
F. Increasing fibrinolysis
A. Prevention of clot formation
B. Reduction in platelet aggregation
E. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
F. Increasing fibrinolysis
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as:
A. Generalized edema
B. Localized edema
C. Pitting edema
D. Lymphedema
B. Localized edema
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
A. Dehydration
B. Vomiting
C. Diuretic use
D. Hypoaldosteronism
A. Dehydration
Confirmation of somatic death is based on:
A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
B. Presence of livor mortis
C. Presence of algor mortis
D. Change in skin color to pale yellow
A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed reflexes. His
wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab
results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur?
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the most
likely cause of this condition?
A. Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B. Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
D. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water balance is
closely related to _____ balance.
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Potassium
B. Sodium
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung
tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment
findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A. Weakness
B. Confusion
C. Muscle twitching
D. Nausea
E. Weight loss
A. Weakness
B. Confusion
C. Muscle twitching
D. Nausea
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Increased bicarbonate intake
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
B. Increased bicarbonate intake
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
A. Hypoaldosteronism
B. Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
, C. Retention of metabolic acids
D. Hyperventilation
B. Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
A patient has been reading on the Internet that light to moderate intake of alcohol is cardioprotective.
When the patient asks the nurse what this means, the nurse should respond that the heart is
protected by which of the following mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)
A. Prevention of clot formation
B. Reduction in platelet aggregation
C. Increased collateral circulation
D. Vasodilation
E. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
F. Increasing fibrinolysis
A. Prevention of clot formation
B. Reduction in platelet aggregation
E. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
F. Increasing fibrinolysis
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as:
A. Generalized edema
B. Localized edema
C. Pitting edema
D. Lymphedema
B. Localized edema
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
A. Dehydration
B. Vomiting
C. Diuretic use
D. Hypoaldosteronism
A. Dehydration
Confirmation of somatic death is based on:
A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
B. Presence of livor mortis
C. Presence of algor mortis
D. Change in skin color to pale yellow
A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed reflexes. His
wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab
results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur?
