UNDERSTANDING PATHO EXAM SUCCESS: ULTIMATE
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
When a person is in shock, a nurse remembers impairment in cellular metabolism is caused by:
A. Free radical formation
B. Lack of nervous or endocrine stimulation
C. Inadequate tissue perfusion
D. Release of toxic substances
Inadequate tissue perfusion
A 50-year-old obese male with hypertension and coronary artery disease visits a nutritionist for food
counseling. He has an elevated level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a low level of high-density
lipoprotein (HDL). Which of the following should the nurse advise him to avoid?
A. Trans fats
B. Saturated fats
C. Monounsaturated fats
D. Polyunsaturated fats
Trans fats
A 60-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. He is diagnosed with
atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by:
A. Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls
B. Abnormally dilated arteries and veins
C. Autonomic nervous system imbalances
D. Arterial wall thinning and weakening Reset Selection
Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls
A 60-year-old female had a myocardial infarction. She was brought to the hospital 30 minutes later.
She survived, but now the nurse is providing care for impaired ventricular function because:
A. The resulting ischemia leads to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death.
B. The cells become hypertrophic.
C. There is too much stress on the heart.
D. There is a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance.
The resulting ischemia leads to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death
For an infection to progress to septic shock, which of the following factors should the nurse determine
occurred?
A. The infection must be gram negative.
,B. Bacteria must enter the bloodstream.
C. The individual must be immunosuppressed.
D. The myocardium must be impaired.
Bacteria must enter the bloodstream
After erythrocytes have circulated for about 120 days, they are removed by macrophages, which are
mainly in the:
A. Liver
B. Spleen
C. Appendix
D. Bone marrow
Spleen
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm and they
show phagocytic activity. Which of the
following cells is most similar?
A. Monocyte
B. Macrophage
C. Lymphocyte
D. Eosinophils
Eosinophils
An adult patient's blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal sample, which type of
white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Basophils
D. Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
A nurse is discussing a cell that can differentiate into any tissue type. Which term is the nurse
describing?
A. Hematopoietic
B. Pluripotent
C. Blastocyst
D. Progenitor
Pluripotent
A 20-year-old female undergoes lab testing for anemia. Results show high iron, bilirubin, and
transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis to
be documented on the chart?
, A. Pernicious anemia
B. Folate deficiency anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Sideroblastic anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
A 35-year-old male has enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a mediastinal mass. He was diagnosed
with Hodgkin lymphoma. Which of the following abnormal cells would the nurse expect to find with
this disease?
A. Kupffer cell
B. Reed-Sternberg cell
C. Merkel cell
D. Schwann cell
Reed-sternberg cell
A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. He reports severe pain. This pain can be
attributed to:
A. Destruction of bone tissue
B. Accumulation of toxic proteins
C. Neuropathic infiltrations
D. Tissue hypoxia
Destruction of bone tissue
A 22-year-old female just delivered a healthy baby girl. She suffered from eclampsia during her
pregnancy, and on the second postpartum day she complained of bleeding gums and bruising on her
arms and legs. Hematology lab tests indicate that she had disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC). Further review of lab tests by the nurse revealed an increase in:
A. Fibrin degradation products (FDPs)
B. Platelets
C. Hematocrit
D. Protein C
Fibrin degradation products (FDPs)
A 62-year-old female tells her health care provider she has been experiencing regular night sweats
that cause her to wake up drenched. She also remarks that she has been unintentionally losing
weight. Physical exam reveals enlarged lymph nodes on her neck that do not appear to be painful. She
should be screened for which of the following cancers?
A. Epstein-Barr virus
B. Acute leukemia
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
When a person is in shock, a nurse remembers impairment in cellular metabolism is caused by:
A. Free radical formation
B. Lack of nervous or endocrine stimulation
C. Inadequate tissue perfusion
D. Release of toxic substances
Inadequate tissue perfusion
A 50-year-old obese male with hypertension and coronary artery disease visits a nutritionist for food
counseling. He has an elevated level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a low level of high-density
lipoprotein (HDL). Which of the following should the nurse advise him to avoid?
A. Trans fats
B. Saturated fats
C. Monounsaturated fats
D. Polyunsaturated fats
Trans fats
A 60-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. He is diagnosed with
atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by:
A. Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls
B. Abnormally dilated arteries and veins
C. Autonomic nervous system imbalances
D. Arterial wall thinning and weakening Reset Selection
Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls
A 60-year-old female had a myocardial infarction. She was brought to the hospital 30 minutes later.
She survived, but now the nurse is providing care for impaired ventricular function because:
A. The resulting ischemia leads to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death.
B. The cells become hypertrophic.
C. There is too much stress on the heart.
D. There is a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance.
The resulting ischemia leads to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death
For an infection to progress to septic shock, which of the following factors should the nurse determine
occurred?
A. The infection must be gram negative.
,B. Bacteria must enter the bloodstream.
C. The individual must be immunosuppressed.
D. The myocardium must be impaired.
Bacteria must enter the bloodstream
After erythrocytes have circulated for about 120 days, they are removed by macrophages, which are
mainly in the:
A. Liver
B. Spleen
C. Appendix
D. Bone marrow
Spleen
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm and they
show phagocytic activity. Which of the
following cells is most similar?
A. Monocyte
B. Macrophage
C. Lymphocyte
D. Eosinophils
Eosinophils
An adult patient's blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal sample, which type of
white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Basophils
D. Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
A nurse is discussing a cell that can differentiate into any tissue type. Which term is the nurse
describing?
A. Hematopoietic
B. Pluripotent
C. Blastocyst
D. Progenitor
Pluripotent
A 20-year-old female undergoes lab testing for anemia. Results show high iron, bilirubin, and
transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis to
be documented on the chart?
, A. Pernicious anemia
B. Folate deficiency anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Sideroblastic anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
A 35-year-old male has enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a mediastinal mass. He was diagnosed
with Hodgkin lymphoma. Which of the following abnormal cells would the nurse expect to find with
this disease?
A. Kupffer cell
B. Reed-Sternberg cell
C. Merkel cell
D. Schwann cell
Reed-sternberg cell
A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. He reports severe pain. This pain can be
attributed to:
A. Destruction of bone tissue
B. Accumulation of toxic proteins
C. Neuropathic infiltrations
D. Tissue hypoxia
Destruction of bone tissue
A 22-year-old female just delivered a healthy baby girl. She suffered from eclampsia during her
pregnancy, and on the second postpartum day she complained of bleeding gums and bruising on her
arms and legs. Hematology lab tests indicate that she had disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC). Further review of lab tests by the nurse revealed an increase in:
A. Fibrin degradation products (FDPs)
B. Platelets
C. Hematocrit
D. Protein C
Fibrin degradation products (FDPs)
A 62-year-old female tells her health care provider she has been experiencing regular night sweats
that cause her to wake up drenched. She also remarks that she has been unintentionally losing
weight. Physical exam reveals enlarged lymph nodes on her neck that do not appear to be painful. She
should be screened for which of the following cancers?
A. Epstein-Barr virus
B. Acute leukemia
