UNDERSTANDING PATHO EXAM SUCCESS: ULTIMATE
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Metastasis in Pulmonary System (Lungs)
The most common, Shortness of breath (SOB), Pain, Persistent dry cough
Metastasis of the Hepatic System (Liver)
R upper quadrant abdominal pain, Malaise, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss
Metastasis of the Skeletal System (Bones)
Deep pain in the bones worsening with activity
Metastasis of the Brain
Changes in mentation and motor/sensory function
Metastasis of the spinal cord
Gradual distal weakness and sensory changes
Metastasis of the Lymphatic System
Lymphedema- localized swelling caused by compromised lymphatic system
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Signs and symptoms distant to the site of the tumor not related to the cancer but may provide early
detection of the cancer
Curative Treatment
Focuses on curing the disease, injury or illness. Ex: Surgery, Chemo, Radiation
Palliative Treatment
Focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Comfort and symptom relief approach
Radiation Therapy
Destroys hydrogen bonds between DNA strands via a protracted schedule to allow for normal cells to
recover
What are the 5 classifications of body tissue
Epithelial, Connective/Muscle, Nerve, Lymph, Hematopoietic
What are the top 3 cancers among Women?
Breast, Lung, Colorectal
What are the top 3 cancers among Men?
, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal
Risk Factors for Cancer
Tobacco, Diet, Alcohol, Hormonal Exposure, Stress, Ethnicity, Geographic Location, Environmental
Variables
Chemotherapy
Utilizes an array of chemical agents that affect DNA synthesis
Biotherapy (Immunotherapy)
Strengthens the hosts immune response through stem cell and bone marrow transplant
Antiangiogenetic Therapy
Attempts to deprive tumors of blood supply
Hormonal Therapy
Used for specific types of cancers such as Breast cancer and Prostate cancer
Somatic Pain
Pain that originates from the body's musculoskeletal system like muscles, bones, and joints, causing
localized pain that can feel sharp or aching
Visceral Pain
Pain that arises from internal organs, often presenting as a dull, deep ache that can be poorly localized
and referred to other areas of the body
Neuropathic Pain
Pain that arises from damage to the nerves themselves, causing the nervous system to malfunction and
send abnormal pain signals
Winningham Precaution: Platelet Count
<50,000/mL
Winningham Precaution: Hemoglobin
<10 g/dL
Winningham Precaution: WBC count
<2000/mL; 10,000 w/ fever
Winningham Precaution: Absolute Granulocytes
<500/mL
What type of exercise is beneficial for Lymphedema
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Metastasis in Pulmonary System (Lungs)
The most common, Shortness of breath (SOB), Pain, Persistent dry cough
Metastasis of the Hepatic System (Liver)
R upper quadrant abdominal pain, Malaise, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss
Metastasis of the Skeletal System (Bones)
Deep pain in the bones worsening with activity
Metastasis of the Brain
Changes in mentation and motor/sensory function
Metastasis of the spinal cord
Gradual distal weakness and sensory changes
Metastasis of the Lymphatic System
Lymphedema- localized swelling caused by compromised lymphatic system
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Signs and symptoms distant to the site of the tumor not related to the cancer but may provide early
detection of the cancer
Curative Treatment
Focuses on curing the disease, injury or illness. Ex: Surgery, Chemo, Radiation
Palliative Treatment
Focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Comfort and symptom relief approach
Radiation Therapy
Destroys hydrogen bonds between DNA strands via a protracted schedule to allow for normal cells to
recover
What are the 5 classifications of body tissue
Epithelial, Connective/Muscle, Nerve, Lymph, Hematopoietic
What are the top 3 cancers among Women?
Breast, Lung, Colorectal
What are the top 3 cancers among Men?
, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal
Risk Factors for Cancer
Tobacco, Diet, Alcohol, Hormonal Exposure, Stress, Ethnicity, Geographic Location, Environmental
Variables
Chemotherapy
Utilizes an array of chemical agents that affect DNA synthesis
Biotherapy (Immunotherapy)
Strengthens the hosts immune response through stem cell and bone marrow transplant
Antiangiogenetic Therapy
Attempts to deprive tumors of blood supply
Hormonal Therapy
Used for specific types of cancers such as Breast cancer and Prostate cancer
Somatic Pain
Pain that originates from the body's musculoskeletal system like muscles, bones, and joints, causing
localized pain that can feel sharp or aching
Visceral Pain
Pain that arises from internal organs, often presenting as a dull, deep ache that can be poorly localized
and referred to other areas of the body
Neuropathic Pain
Pain that arises from damage to the nerves themselves, causing the nervous system to malfunction and
send abnormal pain signals
Winningham Precaution: Platelet Count
<50,000/mL
Winningham Precaution: Hemoglobin
<10 g/dL
Winningham Precaution: WBC count
<2000/mL; 10,000 w/ fever
Winningham Precaution: Absolute Granulocytes
<500/mL
What type of exercise is beneficial for Lymphedema
