UNDERSTANDING PATHO EXAM SUCCESS: ULTIMATE
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Define what is meant by "disease"
a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ or system
Define what is meant by "health"
-more than just physical well being (mental & social)
-WHO's def: state of complete physical, mental & social wellbeing.
-U.S. Dept Health & Human Services def: interaction between individual's biology & behavior, physical &
social environment, government policies & interventions, and access to quality health care
what are some of the leading causes of mortality in the 1900s vs modern?
1900s:
-pneumonia
-TB
Modern:
-heart disease
-cancer
-unintentional injuries
Pathophysiology
-study of abnormal functioning of a living system or being
*Consists of: biology, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, pathology, chemistry, morphology, histology
Questions to ask yourself w/ every patient you encounter
1) Why is the patient presenting this way?
2) Why do treatments & medicines work or don't work?
3) What side effects of meds and why?
4) What complications occur & why?
primary (types of disease prevention)
-prevents the disease condition from occurring
-proactively trying to not get ill
*ex: vaccinations; food; safe water; hand washing; shelter; health education
Secondary (types of disease prevention)
-early detection & treatment of disease through screening
*ex: mammogram; labs; colonoscopy starting at age 45; annual wellness visits
Tertiary (types of disease prevention)
, -treat the disease to avoid worsening disease or complications
-rehabilitation of patient after detection
-focuses on preventing complications or progression
*ex: medication; surgery
**ex: hypertension and had a stroke -> continuing rehabilitation
different aspects of pathophysiology
-pathogenesis: (Etiology & Mechanism of disease)
-clinical manifestations: (Signs & Symptoms)
-diagnosis --> treatment/care measures
iatrogenic disease
healthcare facility caused the disease (HAIs)
*ex: pneumonia from hospital bc healthcare worker didn't wash hands prior
idiopathic disease
cause is unknown
predisposing factors
Tendencies that promote development of a disease
*ex: smoking tendencies can promote hypertension, COPD, lung cancer
**ex: obesity promotes the development of heart disease
syndrome
collection of signs and symptoms that occur together in response to certain condition
ex. down syndrome, metabolic syndrome
etiology
-causes of disease
-know etiologic factors (stressors)
*ex: bacteria, viruses, germs
signs vs symptoms
signs: (objective)
-manifestations noted by an observer
*ex: bleeding; dilated pupils; jaundice
Symptoms: (subjective)
A+, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Define what is meant by "disease"
a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ or system
Define what is meant by "health"
-more than just physical well being (mental & social)
-WHO's def: state of complete physical, mental & social wellbeing.
-U.S. Dept Health & Human Services def: interaction between individual's biology & behavior, physical &
social environment, government policies & interventions, and access to quality health care
what are some of the leading causes of mortality in the 1900s vs modern?
1900s:
-pneumonia
-TB
Modern:
-heart disease
-cancer
-unintentional injuries
Pathophysiology
-study of abnormal functioning of a living system or being
*Consists of: biology, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, pathology, chemistry, morphology, histology
Questions to ask yourself w/ every patient you encounter
1) Why is the patient presenting this way?
2) Why do treatments & medicines work or don't work?
3) What side effects of meds and why?
4) What complications occur & why?
primary (types of disease prevention)
-prevents the disease condition from occurring
-proactively trying to not get ill
*ex: vaccinations; food; safe water; hand washing; shelter; health education
Secondary (types of disease prevention)
-early detection & treatment of disease through screening
*ex: mammogram; labs; colonoscopy starting at age 45; annual wellness visits
Tertiary (types of disease prevention)
, -treat the disease to avoid worsening disease or complications
-rehabilitation of patient after detection
-focuses on preventing complications or progression
*ex: medication; surgery
**ex: hypertension and had a stroke -> continuing rehabilitation
different aspects of pathophysiology
-pathogenesis: (Etiology & Mechanism of disease)
-clinical manifestations: (Signs & Symptoms)
-diagnosis --> treatment/care measures
iatrogenic disease
healthcare facility caused the disease (HAIs)
*ex: pneumonia from hospital bc healthcare worker didn't wash hands prior
idiopathic disease
cause is unknown
predisposing factors
Tendencies that promote development of a disease
*ex: smoking tendencies can promote hypertension, COPD, lung cancer
**ex: obesity promotes the development of heart disease
syndrome
collection of signs and symptoms that occur together in response to certain condition
ex. down syndrome, metabolic syndrome
etiology
-causes of disease
-know etiologic factors (stressors)
*ex: bacteria, viruses, germs
signs vs symptoms
signs: (objective)
-manifestations noted by an observer
*ex: bleeding; dilated pupils; jaundice
Symptoms: (subjective)
