MASTERING BIO 253 EXAMS: A+ GRADED GUIDE WITH
LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Ardiac output is increased by increasing which two factors
stroke volume, heart rate
Parasympathetic activity decreases nodal rate of depolarization by decreasing the ___
flow of calcium into the cytosol
Which nerve provides parasympathetic supply to the heart
vagus nerve
What three things are equal between left and right ventricles
cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume
The driving force for bulk flow is always
a pressure gradient
What equation describes pressure gradient used by the body for blood flow through the vasculature
MAP - CVP
Total peripheral resistance increases as ___ ___ increases
blood viscosity
Equation that relates cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance
MAP = CO x TPR
The pulsatile nature of blood pressure is greatest in which blood vessels
arteries
Where are the arterial baroreceptors located
aortic arch, carotid arteries
The elastic nature of arteries allows them to act as a
pressure reservoir
The blood vessels of largest diameter are the ___, and the blood vessels with the thickest walls are
the ___
veins, arteries
What component of artery walls stores energy
, elastin
Arteries have ___ compliance and ___ resistance to flow
low, low
Reactive hyperemia is a result of changes in ___ ___
blood flow
Blood flow is increased to skeletal and cardiac muscle during exercise through the process of ___ ___
active hyperemia
As part of the baroreceptor reflex response to hemorrhage, what two things increase?
heart rate, TPR
Control of mean arterial blood pressure by the central nervous system is mostly the
medulla
Which organ plays the greatest role in regulating blood pressure by altering blood volume?
kidney
MAP is based on which three things
heart rate, stroke volume, TPR
blood pressure: immediate danger posed by ___ is greater than ___
hypotension, hypertension
A change in vascular resistance in response to blood pressure stretch
myogenic response
Which parts of the heart are innervated by sympathetic nerves?
SA, AV, myocardium
After a hemorrhage: TPR ___, blood flow to most organs ___. Blood flow to the ___ and ___ is
maintained
increases, decreases, brain, heart
calcium channel blockers bind to calcium channel proteins in vascular smooth muscle and cause ___
vasodilation
Baroreceptors in aorta and carotid measure pressure and flow to the ___ and ___
brain, systemic circuit
What does NE, vasopressin, or angiotensin II do to MAP?
LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Ardiac output is increased by increasing which two factors
stroke volume, heart rate
Parasympathetic activity decreases nodal rate of depolarization by decreasing the ___
flow of calcium into the cytosol
Which nerve provides parasympathetic supply to the heart
vagus nerve
What three things are equal between left and right ventricles
cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume
The driving force for bulk flow is always
a pressure gradient
What equation describes pressure gradient used by the body for blood flow through the vasculature
MAP - CVP
Total peripheral resistance increases as ___ ___ increases
blood viscosity
Equation that relates cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance
MAP = CO x TPR
The pulsatile nature of blood pressure is greatest in which blood vessels
arteries
Where are the arterial baroreceptors located
aortic arch, carotid arteries
The elastic nature of arteries allows them to act as a
pressure reservoir
The blood vessels of largest diameter are the ___, and the blood vessels with the thickest walls are
the ___
veins, arteries
What component of artery walls stores energy
, elastin
Arteries have ___ compliance and ___ resistance to flow
low, low
Reactive hyperemia is a result of changes in ___ ___
blood flow
Blood flow is increased to skeletal and cardiac muscle during exercise through the process of ___ ___
active hyperemia
As part of the baroreceptor reflex response to hemorrhage, what two things increase?
heart rate, TPR
Control of mean arterial blood pressure by the central nervous system is mostly the
medulla
Which organ plays the greatest role in regulating blood pressure by altering blood volume?
kidney
MAP is based on which three things
heart rate, stroke volume, TPR
blood pressure: immediate danger posed by ___ is greater than ___
hypotension, hypertension
A change in vascular resistance in response to blood pressure stretch
myogenic response
Which parts of the heart are innervated by sympathetic nerves?
SA, AV, myocardium
After a hemorrhage: TPR ___, blood flow to most organs ___. Blood flow to the ___ and ___ is
maintained
increases, decreases, brain, heart
calcium channel blockers bind to calcium channel proteins in vascular smooth muscle and cause ___
vasodilation
Baroreceptors in aorta and carotid measure pressure and flow to the ___ and ___
brain, systemic circuit
What does NE, vasopressin, or angiotensin II do to MAP?
