MASTERING BIO 253 EXAMS: A+ GRADED GUIDE WITH
LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Name two cell types in neural tissue.
neurons and glia
What are neurons?
"rapid communicators," excitable cells that transmit electrical signals
What are glia cells?
"caregivers," cells that provide support for neurons
Name two groups of nervous system organs.
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
List the general functions of the nervous system.
sensory function:
-nervous system receives information
-sensory receptors gather information by detecting changes
-information is carried to the CNS
integrative function:
-nervous system coordinates sensory information to create new sensations, memory, thoughts
-nervous system makes decisions on body's response to sensory information
motor function:
-decisions are acted upon
-impulses are carried to effectors (muscles or glands)
-divisions of motor portion of PNS
-somatic nervous system- transmits voluntary instructions to skeletal muscles
-autonomic nervous system- transmits involuntary instructions from the CNS to smooth muscles, cardiac
muscle, and glands
Describe a neuron.
-dendrites: receive signals
-cell body: manufactures cell components, integrates signals
-axon: conducts impulses
-synaptic knob: site of contact with target cell
-myelin sheath: formed by neuroglia cells to insulate axons; interrupted in peripheral neurons by nodes
Explain how an axon in the PNS becomes myelinated.
myelinated axons in the PNS have a series of Schwann cells lined up along the axon, each having a
wrapped coating of myelin insulating the axon
, Describe the types of neurons based on structural characteristics.
multipolar neurons:
-99% of neurons
-many processes
-most neurons of CNS
bipolar neurons:
-two processes
-eyes, ears, nose
unipolar neurons
-one process
-cell bodies are in ganglia
-sensory
Indicate the function of sensory neurons.
-afferent neurons
-carry impulse to CNS
-most are unipolar
-some are bipolar
Indicate the function of interneurons.
-association neurons
-link neurons
-multipolar
-located in CNS
Indicate the function of motor neurons.
-multipolar, efferent
-carry impulses away from CNS
-carry impulses to effectors
Name the six types of neuroglia.
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependyma or ependymal cells, Schwann cells, Satellite cells
What are some functions of neuroglia?
astrocytes:
-connect neurons to blood vessels; exchange nutrients and growth factors
-form scar tissue
-aid metabolism of certain substances
-regulate ion concentrations, such as part of blood brain barrier
oligodendrocytes:
LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Name two cell types in neural tissue.
neurons and glia
What are neurons?
"rapid communicators," excitable cells that transmit electrical signals
What are glia cells?
"caregivers," cells that provide support for neurons
Name two groups of nervous system organs.
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
List the general functions of the nervous system.
sensory function:
-nervous system receives information
-sensory receptors gather information by detecting changes
-information is carried to the CNS
integrative function:
-nervous system coordinates sensory information to create new sensations, memory, thoughts
-nervous system makes decisions on body's response to sensory information
motor function:
-decisions are acted upon
-impulses are carried to effectors (muscles or glands)
-divisions of motor portion of PNS
-somatic nervous system- transmits voluntary instructions to skeletal muscles
-autonomic nervous system- transmits involuntary instructions from the CNS to smooth muscles, cardiac
muscle, and glands
Describe a neuron.
-dendrites: receive signals
-cell body: manufactures cell components, integrates signals
-axon: conducts impulses
-synaptic knob: site of contact with target cell
-myelin sheath: formed by neuroglia cells to insulate axons; interrupted in peripheral neurons by nodes
Explain how an axon in the PNS becomes myelinated.
myelinated axons in the PNS have a series of Schwann cells lined up along the axon, each having a
wrapped coating of myelin insulating the axon
, Describe the types of neurons based on structural characteristics.
multipolar neurons:
-99% of neurons
-many processes
-most neurons of CNS
bipolar neurons:
-two processes
-eyes, ears, nose
unipolar neurons
-one process
-cell bodies are in ganglia
-sensory
Indicate the function of sensory neurons.
-afferent neurons
-carry impulse to CNS
-most are unipolar
-some are bipolar
Indicate the function of interneurons.
-association neurons
-link neurons
-multipolar
-located in CNS
Indicate the function of motor neurons.
-multipolar, efferent
-carry impulses away from CNS
-carry impulses to effectors
Name the six types of neuroglia.
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependyma or ependymal cells, Schwann cells, Satellite cells
What are some functions of neuroglia?
astrocytes:
-connect neurons to blood vessels; exchange nutrients and growth factors
-form scar tissue
-aid metabolism of certain substances
-regulate ion concentrations, such as part of blood brain barrier
oligodendrocytes:
