,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Basic Immunology 5th Edition Abbas
m m m m m m m m m
Abbas: Basic Immunology, 5th Edition
m m m m
Chapterm02:mInnatemImmunit
ymTestmBank
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. WhichmofmthemfollowingmstatementsmaboutmtheminnatemimmunemsystemmismNOTmtrue?
A. Innatemimmunitymismpresentminmallmmulticellularmorganisms,mincludingmplantsmandminsects.
B. Deficienciesminminnatemimmunitymmarkedlymincreasemhostmsusceptibilitymtominfection,mev
enminmthemsettingmofmanmintactmadaptivemimmunemresponse.
C. Innatemimmunitymismbettermsuitedmformeliminatingmvirulent,mresistantmmicrobesmthan
mism
adaptivemimmunity.
D. Theminnatemimmunemresponsemcanmbemdividedmintomrecognition,mactivation,mandmeffect
ormphases.
E. Theminnatemimmunemresponsemagainstmmicrobesminfluencesmthemtypemofmadaptivemimmu
nemresponsemthatmdevelops.
ANS:mC
Innatemimmunitymismthemfirstmlinemofmdefensemagainstminfections,myetmmanympathogenicmmicrobesmh
avemevolvedmstrategiesmtomresistminnatemimmunity.mAdaptivemimmunity,mbeingmmorempotentmandmsp
ecialized,mplaysmamcriticalmroleminmdefendingmagainstmthesemvirulentmmicrobes.mInnatemimmunitymis
mthemphylogeneticallymoldestmmechanismmofmmicrobialmdefense,mandmitmismpresentminmallmmulticellu
larmorganisms,mincludingmplantsmandminsects.mStudiesmhavemshownmthatmhamperingmeffectormmecha
nismsmofminnatemimmunitymrendersmhostsmmuchmmoremsusceptiblemtominfection,mevenmwithmamfuncti
onalmadaptivemimmunemsystem.mItmismalsomtruemthat,mlikemthemadaptivemresponse,mtheminnatemimmun
emresponsemconsistsmofmrecognition,mactivation,mandmeffectormphases.mAlthoughmitmprovidesmtheminit
ial,mrapidmresponsemagainstmmicrobes,minnatemimmunitymcanminfluencemadaptivemimmunemresponse
smtomtailormthemmagainstmparticularmmicrobes.
2. Am4-year-
oldmgirlmsteppedmonmamrustymnailminmhermbackyard.mTwomdaysmlater,mshemismtakenmtomthempediatrici
anmbecausemhermheelmismpainful,mred,mandmswollenmandmismwarmmtomthemtouch.mAllmofmthemfollowi
ngmaremmechanismsmofminnatemimmunitymthatmmaymbemprotectingmthempatientmagainstmpathogenic
mmicrobesminmthemheelmwoundmEXCEPT:
A. Epithelialmbarriermfunctionmofmthemskinmofmhermfoot
B. Intraepithelialmlymphocytesmpresentminmthemskin
C. Circulatingmneutrophilsmmigratingmtomthemsitemofmthemwound
D. Solublemcytokinesmthatminducemamlocalminflammatorymresponse
E. Circulatingmanti-tetanusmtoxinmantibodies
ANS:mE
Secretedmantibodiesmagainstmproteinmantigensmaremeffectorsmofmhumoralmimmunity,mamcomponentm
ofmthemadaptivemimmunemsystem.mAllmothermmechanismsmlistedmarempartmofmtheminnatemimmunemsy
stem.mIntactmepithelialmsurfacesmpreventmmicrobialmentry,mandmepithelialmcellsmexpressmanti-
microbialmfactors,msuchmasmdefensins.mNeutrophilsmaremeffectormcellsmthatmfunctionminmearlymphag
ocytosismandmkillingmofmmicrobes.mCytokinesmthatmmediateminflammationm(e.g.,mtumormnecrosismf
actor,
Copyrightm©m2016,mElseviermInc.mAllmRightsmReserv
ed.
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Basic Immunology 5th Edition Abbas
m m m m m m m m m
TestmBank 2-2
interleukin-1,mchemokines)maremcomponentsmofminnatemimmunity.mIntraepithe-
lialmTmlymphocytesmpresentminmthemepidermismandmmucosalmepitheliamexpressmamlimitedmdiversitymo
fmantigenmreceptors;masmsuch,mtheymaremconsideredmeffectormcellsmofminnatemimmunitymandmfunction
minmhostmdefensembymsecretingmcytokines,m activatingmphagocytes,mandmkillingminfectedmcells.
3. WhichmofmthemfollowingmcomparisonsmofmtheminnatemandmadaptivemimmunemsystemsmismFALSE?
A. Theminnatemimmunemsystemmismmoremlikelymtomrecognizemnormalmself,mandmthereforemca
usemautoimmunity,mthanmismthemadaptivemimmunemsystem.
B. Receptorsmusedmformrecognitionminminnatemimmunitymaremencodedminmthemgermline,mwher
easmthosemofmthemadaptivemimmunemsystemmaremencodedmbymgenesmgeneratedmviamsomaticmrec
ombinationmofmgermlinemreceptormgenemloci.
C. Theminnatemandmadaptivemimmunemsystemsmsharemsomemofmthemsamemeffectormmechanisms.
D. Bothmtheminnatemandmadaptivemimmunemsystemsmcanmrecognizemnonmicrobialmsubstances.
E. Theminnatemimmunemsystemmdoesmnotmhavemmemorymbutmthemadaptivemimmunemsystemmdoes.
ANS:mA
Innatemimmunemsystemmreceptorsmaremencodedmbymgermlinemgenesmthatmhavemevolvedmtomrecogniz
emmicrobialmstructuresmormmoleculesmproducedmbymstressedmself,mandmthereforemtheremismlittlemchan
cemofminnatemimmunemresponsesmtomnormalmself.mBecausemthemspecificitiesmofmadaptivemimmunemsy
stemmreceptorsm(IgmormTmcellmreceptormmolecules)maremrandomlymgeneratedmbymsomaticmrecombina
tionmandmjunctional-
diversitymmechanisms,mtheremismamgreatermchancemthatmthemadaptivemimmunemsystemmreceptorsmma
ymrecognizemnormalmselfmmolecules,mleadingmtomautoimmunity.mMechanismsmofmtolerancemminimi
zemthismpossibility,mbutmthesemmechanismsmcanmfail.mThemadaptivemimmunemsystemmreceptorsmcanm
recognizemnonmicrobialmstructures.mAlthoughmmostminnatemimmunemsystemmreceptorsmrecognizem
microbialmstructures,msomemToll-
likemreceptorsmandmactivatingmreceptorsmofmnaturalmkillermcellsmdomrecognizemnonmicrobialmselfmpro
teinsmexpressedmbymstressed,mdamaged,morminfectedmcells.mMemorymismamuniquempropertymofmthemad
aptivemandmnotmtheminnatemimmunemsystem.
4. Toll-
likemreceptorsm(TLRs)maremamfamilymofmhomologousmreceptorsmexpressedmonmmanymcellmtypesman
dmareminvolvedminminnatemimmunemresponses.mTenmdifferentmmammalianmTLRsmhavembeenmidenti
fied,mandmseveralmligandsmformmanymofmthesemreceptorsmaremknown.mWhichmofmthemfollowingmismam
TLRmligand?
A. Single-strandedmRNA
B. TransfermRNA
C. Double-strandedmDNA
D. UnmethylatedmCpGmDNA
E. Heterochromatin
ANS:mD
Moremthanm10mmammalianmToll-
likemreceptorsm(TLRs)mhavembeenmidentified,mandmeachmappearsmtomrecognizemamdifferentmsetmofmstr
ucturesmthatmaremfoundminmpathogenicmmicrobesmbutmnotminmmammalianmcells.mSuchmstructuresmare
mcalledmpathogen-
associatedmmolecularmpatternsm(PAMPs).mUnmethylatedmcytosinemguanosinem(CpG)mmotifsmaremty
picalmofmbacterialmandmprotozoanmDNA,mbutmnotmmammalianmDNA,mandmaremthereforemPAMPs.mT
LR9mbindsmCpGmDNA.mTransfermRNA,msingle-mstrandedmRNA,mdouble-
strandedmDNA,mandmheterochromatinmaremallmnormalmcomponentsmofmmammalianmcellsmandmaremn
Copyrightm©m2016,mElseviermInc.mAllmRightsmReserv
ed.
mynursytest.store
, otmrecognizedmbymTLRs.mDouble-
strandedmRNAmismproducedmbymsomemvirusesmbutmnotmbymmammalianmcellsmandmismrecognizedmbym
TLR3.
Copyrightm©m2016,mElseviermInc.mAllmRightsmReserv
ed.
mynursytest.store
m m m m m m m m m
Abbas: Basic Immunology, 5th Edition
m m m m
Chapterm02:mInnatemImmunit
ymTestmBank
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. WhichmofmthemfollowingmstatementsmaboutmtheminnatemimmunemsystemmismNOTmtrue?
A. Innatemimmunitymismpresentminmallmmulticellularmorganisms,mincludingmplantsmandminsects.
B. Deficienciesminminnatemimmunitymmarkedlymincreasemhostmsusceptibilitymtominfection,mev
enminmthemsettingmofmanmintactmadaptivemimmunemresponse.
C. Innatemimmunitymismbettermsuitedmformeliminatingmvirulent,mresistantmmicrobesmthan
mism
adaptivemimmunity.
D. Theminnatemimmunemresponsemcanmbemdividedmintomrecognition,mactivation,mandmeffect
ormphases.
E. Theminnatemimmunemresponsemagainstmmicrobesminfluencesmthemtypemofmadaptivemimmu
nemresponsemthatmdevelops.
ANS:mC
Innatemimmunitymismthemfirstmlinemofmdefensemagainstminfections,myetmmanympathogenicmmicrobesmh
avemevolvedmstrategiesmtomresistminnatemimmunity.mAdaptivemimmunity,mbeingmmorempotentmandmsp
ecialized,mplaysmamcriticalmroleminmdefendingmagainstmthesemvirulentmmicrobes.mInnatemimmunitymis
mthemphylogeneticallymoldestmmechanismmofmmicrobialmdefense,mandmitmismpresentminmallmmulticellu
larmorganisms,mincludingmplantsmandminsects.mStudiesmhavemshownmthatmhamperingmeffectormmecha
nismsmofminnatemimmunitymrendersmhostsmmuchmmoremsusceptiblemtominfection,mevenmwithmamfuncti
onalmadaptivemimmunemsystem.mItmismalsomtruemthat,mlikemthemadaptivemresponse,mtheminnatemimmun
emresponsemconsistsmofmrecognition,mactivation,mandmeffectormphases.mAlthoughmitmprovidesmtheminit
ial,mrapidmresponsemagainstmmicrobes,minnatemimmunitymcanminfluencemadaptivemimmunemresponse
smtomtailormthemmagainstmparticularmmicrobes.
2. Am4-year-
oldmgirlmsteppedmonmamrustymnailminmhermbackyard.mTwomdaysmlater,mshemismtakenmtomthempediatrici
anmbecausemhermheelmismpainful,mred,mandmswollenmandmismwarmmtomthemtouch.mAllmofmthemfollowi
ngmaremmechanismsmofminnatemimmunitymthatmmaymbemprotectingmthempatientmagainstmpathogenic
mmicrobesminmthemheelmwoundmEXCEPT:
A. Epithelialmbarriermfunctionmofmthemskinmofmhermfoot
B. Intraepithelialmlymphocytesmpresentminmthemskin
C. Circulatingmneutrophilsmmigratingmtomthemsitemofmthemwound
D. Solublemcytokinesmthatminducemamlocalminflammatorymresponse
E. Circulatingmanti-tetanusmtoxinmantibodies
ANS:mE
Secretedmantibodiesmagainstmproteinmantigensmaremeffectorsmofmhumoralmimmunity,mamcomponentm
ofmthemadaptivemimmunemsystem.mAllmothermmechanismsmlistedmarempartmofmtheminnatemimmunemsy
stem.mIntactmepithelialmsurfacesmpreventmmicrobialmentry,mandmepithelialmcellsmexpressmanti-
microbialmfactors,msuchmasmdefensins.mNeutrophilsmaremeffectormcellsmthatmfunctionminmearlymphag
ocytosismandmkillingmofmmicrobes.mCytokinesmthatmmediateminflammationm(e.g.,mtumormnecrosismf
actor,
Copyrightm©m2016,mElseviermInc.mAllmRightsmReserv
ed.
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Basic Immunology 5th Edition Abbas
m m m m m m m m m
TestmBank 2-2
interleukin-1,mchemokines)maremcomponentsmofminnatemimmunity.mIntraepithe-
lialmTmlymphocytesmpresentminmthemepidermismandmmucosalmepitheliamexpressmamlimitedmdiversitymo
fmantigenmreceptors;masmsuch,mtheymaremconsideredmeffectormcellsmofminnatemimmunitymandmfunction
minmhostmdefensembymsecretingmcytokines,m activatingmphagocytes,mandmkillingminfectedmcells.
3. WhichmofmthemfollowingmcomparisonsmofmtheminnatemandmadaptivemimmunemsystemsmismFALSE?
A. Theminnatemimmunemsystemmismmoremlikelymtomrecognizemnormalmself,mandmthereforemca
usemautoimmunity,mthanmismthemadaptivemimmunemsystem.
B. Receptorsmusedmformrecognitionminminnatemimmunitymaremencodedminmthemgermline,mwher
easmthosemofmthemadaptivemimmunemsystemmaremencodedmbymgenesmgeneratedmviamsomaticmrec
ombinationmofmgermlinemreceptormgenemloci.
C. Theminnatemandmadaptivemimmunemsystemsmsharemsomemofmthemsamemeffectormmechanisms.
D. Bothmtheminnatemandmadaptivemimmunemsystemsmcanmrecognizemnonmicrobialmsubstances.
E. Theminnatemimmunemsystemmdoesmnotmhavemmemorymbutmthemadaptivemimmunemsystemmdoes.
ANS:mA
Innatemimmunemsystemmreceptorsmaremencodedmbymgermlinemgenesmthatmhavemevolvedmtomrecogniz
emmicrobialmstructuresmormmoleculesmproducedmbymstressedmself,mandmthereforemtheremismlittlemchan
cemofminnatemimmunemresponsesmtomnormalmself.mBecausemthemspecificitiesmofmadaptivemimmunemsy
stemmreceptorsm(IgmormTmcellmreceptormmolecules)maremrandomlymgeneratedmbymsomaticmrecombina
tionmandmjunctional-
diversitymmechanisms,mtheremismamgreatermchancemthatmthemadaptivemimmunemsystemmreceptorsmma
ymrecognizemnormalmselfmmolecules,mleadingmtomautoimmunity.mMechanismsmofmtolerancemminimi
zemthismpossibility,mbutmthesemmechanismsmcanmfail.mThemadaptivemimmunemsystemmreceptorsmcanm
recognizemnonmicrobialmstructures.mAlthoughmmostminnatemimmunemsystemmreceptorsmrecognizem
microbialmstructures,msomemToll-
likemreceptorsmandmactivatingmreceptorsmofmnaturalmkillermcellsmdomrecognizemnonmicrobialmselfmpro
teinsmexpressedmbymstressed,mdamaged,morminfectedmcells.mMemorymismamuniquempropertymofmthemad
aptivemandmnotmtheminnatemimmunemsystem.
4. Toll-
likemreceptorsm(TLRs)maremamfamilymofmhomologousmreceptorsmexpressedmonmmanymcellmtypesman
dmareminvolvedminminnatemimmunemresponses.mTenmdifferentmmammalianmTLRsmhavembeenmidenti
fied,mandmseveralmligandsmformmanymofmthesemreceptorsmaremknown.mWhichmofmthemfollowingmismam
TLRmligand?
A. Single-strandedmRNA
B. TransfermRNA
C. Double-strandedmDNA
D. UnmethylatedmCpGmDNA
E. Heterochromatin
ANS:mD
Moremthanm10mmammalianmToll-
likemreceptorsm(TLRs)mhavembeenmidentified,mandmeachmappearsmtomrecognizemamdifferentmsetmofmstr
ucturesmthatmaremfoundminmpathogenicmmicrobesmbutmnotminmmammalianmcells.mSuchmstructuresmare
mcalledmpathogen-
associatedmmolecularmpatternsm(PAMPs).mUnmethylatedmcytosinemguanosinem(CpG)mmotifsmaremty
picalmofmbacterialmandmprotozoanmDNA,mbutmnotmmammalianmDNA,mandmaremthereforemPAMPs.mT
LR9mbindsmCpGmDNA.mTransfermRNA,msingle-mstrandedmRNA,mdouble-
strandedmDNA,mandmheterochromatinmaremallmnormalmcomponentsmofmmammalianmcellsmandmaremn
Copyrightm©m2016,mElseviermInc.mAllmRightsmReserv
ed.
mynursytest.store
, otmrecognizedmbymTLRs.mDouble-
strandedmRNAmismproducedmbymsomemvirusesmbutmnotmbymmammalianmcellsmandmismrecognizedmbym
TLR3.
Copyrightm©m2016,mElseviermInc.mAllmRightsmReserv
ed.
mynursytest.store
