Nutrition HESI Exam Test Bank_ Answered Correctl
m m m m m m
y Elaborated Further Rationales_ Study this One!
m m m m m m
Themnurseminstructsmamclientmwithmchronicmkidneymdiseasemwhomismreceivingmhemodialysismab
outmdietarymmodifications.mthemnursemdeterminesmthatmthemclientmunderstandsmthesemdietary
mmodificationsmifmthemclientmselectsmwhichmitemsmfrommthemdietarymmenu?
1. Creammofmwheat,mblueberries,mcoffee
2. Sausagemandmeggs,mbanana,morangemjuice
3. Bacon,mcantaloupemmelon,mtomatomjuice
4. Curedmpork,mgrits,mstrawberries,mOJ
:mANSWER✅-m1.
Themdietmformamclientmwithmchronicmkidneymdiseasemwhomismreceivingmhemodialysismshouldminclud
emcontrolledmamountsmofmsodium,mphosphorus,mcalcium,mpotassiummandmfluids.
Themdegreemtomwhichmanmingestedmnutrientmgetsmabsorbedmandmismavailablemtomthembodymismwhichm
ofmthemfollowing?
-diffusion
-transport
-bioavailability
-absorption
:mANSWER✅-mCorrectmanswer:
bioavailability
Bioavailabilitymisminfluencedmbymsubstancesminmfood,mdrugs,mandmbodymstores.mMedicationsmcanm
alsominfluencembioavailabilitymbymeithermblockingmormenhancingmabsorption.
Themvitaminmmostmcloselymassociatedmwithmproteinmmetabolismmis
:mANSWER✅-mpyridoxine.
Amnutrientmthatmhelpsmpreventmfreemradicalmdamagemtommembranesmis
:mANSWER✅-mselenium
AmrichmsourcemofmvitaminmEminmthemdietmis
:mANSWER✅-msoybeanmoil.
,Themnutrientmintakemguidelinemthatmsetsmthemmaximalmnutrientmintakemthatmismunlikelymtomposemam
riskmofmtoxicityminmhealthymindividualsmismcalled
:mANSWER✅-mthemTolerablemUppermIntakemLevelm(UL).
Noncaloricmessentialmnutrientsminmnecessarymsmallmamountsmformspecificmmetabolicmverymcontro
lmandmdiseasempreventionmaremcalled
:mANSWER✅-mvitamins
Vitaminsmregulatembodymmetabolismmbymworkingmas
:mANSWER✅-mspecificmcatalysts.
AmsignificantmsourcemofmvitaminmAmismfoundmin
:mANSWER✅-mspinach.
Amvitaminmthatmplaysmammajormroleminmbloodmclottingmis
:mANSWER✅-mvitaminmK.
Themmineralmthatmismamcatalystmformmanymreactionsminmcellsmthatmproducemenergymis
:mANSWER✅-mmagnesium
Thyroid-stimulatingmhormonemcontrolsmthemuptakemof
:mANSWER✅-miodine.
Ironmplaysmamrolemin
:mANSWER✅-mhemoglobinmsynthesis.
Themmineralmformthemcontrolledmnecessarymoxidationmofmcarbohydrate,mfat,mandmproteinminmpr
oducingmandmstoringmavailablemenergymformthembodymis
:mANSWER✅-mphosphorus
Themtracemmineralmthatmplaysmamroleminmhemoglobinmformationmandmgeneralmmetabolism
ism:mANSWER✅-miron.
m
Anmimportantmfunctionmofmsodiummis
:mANSWER✅-
m watermbalance.mIronmismstore
dmas
,:mANSWER✅-mferritin
Majormmineralsmare
:mANSWER✅-mrequiredmbymthembodyminmamountsmofmmoremthanm100mmg/day.
Themgreatestmsourcemofmdietarymzincmis
:mANSWER✅-mmeat.
Amfoodmthatmismamgoodmsourcemofmcalciummis
:mANSWER✅-myogurt
Themmajormelectrolytemfoundminsidemcellsmis
:mANSWER✅-mpotassium.
AmdecreaseminmthemactivationmofmvitaminmDminmkidneymdiseasemresultsmin
:mANSWER✅-mosteodystrophy
Medicalmnutritionmtherapymformacutemglomerulonephritismconsistsmof
:mANSWER✅-madequatemcaloriesmtommaintainmmetabolicmneeds
Duringmhemodialysis,mproteinmintakemismusually
:mANSWER✅-matmleastm1.2mg/kg.
Elevatedmbloodmureamnitrogen,mserummcreatinine,mandmserummuricmacidmlevelsmaremreflectedminmt
hemlaboratorymfindingmof
:mANSWER✅-mazotemia.
Formpatientsmwithmchronicmkidneymfailure,mpotassiummintakemismbasedmon
:mANSWER✅-mserummpotassiummlevel.
Patientsmwithmchronicmkidneymdiseasemoftenmdevelopmanemiamduemto
:mANSWER✅-mtheminadequatemproductionmofmerythropoietin
Patientsmwithmchronicmkidneymfailuremtreatedmwithmperitonealmdialysismmustmconsidermneedsmba
sedmonmenergy
:mANSWER✅-mabsorbedmfrommthemdialysate.menergy
, Ampotentmhormonemproducedmbymthemadrenalmglandsmthatmactsmonmthemdistalmnephronmtubulemtom
reabsorbmsodiummis
:mANSWER✅-maldosterone
Themmassivemedemamofmnephroticmsyndromemismcausedmby
:mANSWER✅-mlargemproteinmlossesminmthemurine.
Symptomsmofmchronicmrenalmfailureminclude
:mANSWER✅-mdiarrhea.
Itmismcommonmformpatientsmwithmacutemkidneymfailuremtomneed
:mANSWER✅-menteralmnutrition.
Themabsencemofmurinemproduction,mindicatingmkidneymfailure,mismcalled
:mANSWER✅-manuria.
Classicmsymptomsmofmglomerulonephritisminclude
:mANSWER✅-mproteinuria.
Themtypemofmdietmrecommendedmformampersonmwithmamkidneymstonemdependsmon
:mANSWER✅-mthemcompositionmofmthemstone.
ComparedmwithmthempHminmthemsmallmintestine,mthempHminmthemstomachmis
:mANSWER✅-mlower.
Convertingmnoncarbohydratemsubstancesmintomglucosemismcalled
:mANSWER✅-mgluconeogenesis.
Masticationmismanmimportantmpartmofmdigestionmbecausemit
:mANSWER✅-mpreparesmthemfoodmformdigestionmbymenzymes
Phenylketonuriamismcausedmbymtheminabilitymtomproducemthemenzymemneededmto
:mANSWER✅-mmetabolizemthemaminomacidmphenylalanine.
Themhormonemthatmstimulatesmthempancreasmtomreleasemitsmsecretionsmis
:mANSWER✅-msecretin.
m m m m m m
y Elaborated Further Rationales_ Study this One!
m m m m m m
Themnurseminstructsmamclientmwithmchronicmkidneymdiseasemwhomismreceivingmhemodialysismab
outmdietarymmodifications.mthemnursemdeterminesmthatmthemclientmunderstandsmthesemdietary
mmodificationsmifmthemclientmselectsmwhichmitemsmfrommthemdietarymmenu?
1. Creammofmwheat,mblueberries,mcoffee
2. Sausagemandmeggs,mbanana,morangemjuice
3. Bacon,mcantaloupemmelon,mtomatomjuice
4. Curedmpork,mgrits,mstrawberries,mOJ
:mANSWER✅-m1.
Themdietmformamclientmwithmchronicmkidneymdiseasemwhomismreceivingmhemodialysismshouldminclud
emcontrolledmamountsmofmsodium,mphosphorus,mcalcium,mpotassiummandmfluids.
Themdegreemtomwhichmanmingestedmnutrientmgetsmabsorbedmandmismavailablemtomthembodymismwhichm
ofmthemfollowing?
-diffusion
-transport
-bioavailability
-absorption
:mANSWER✅-mCorrectmanswer:
bioavailability
Bioavailabilitymisminfluencedmbymsubstancesminmfood,mdrugs,mandmbodymstores.mMedicationsmcanm
alsominfluencembioavailabilitymbymeithermblockingmormenhancingmabsorption.
Themvitaminmmostmcloselymassociatedmwithmproteinmmetabolismmis
:mANSWER✅-mpyridoxine.
Amnutrientmthatmhelpsmpreventmfreemradicalmdamagemtommembranesmis
:mANSWER✅-mselenium
AmrichmsourcemofmvitaminmEminmthemdietmis
:mANSWER✅-msoybeanmoil.
,Themnutrientmintakemguidelinemthatmsetsmthemmaximalmnutrientmintakemthatmismunlikelymtomposemam
riskmofmtoxicityminmhealthymindividualsmismcalled
:mANSWER✅-mthemTolerablemUppermIntakemLevelm(UL).
Noncaloricmessentialmnutrientsminmnecessarymsmallmamountsmformspecificmmetabolicmverymcontro
lmandmdiseasempreventionmaremcalled
:mANSWER✅-mvitamins
Vitaminsmregulatembodymmetabolismmbymworkingmas
:mANSWER✅-mspecificmcatalysts.
AmsignificantmsourcemofmvitaminmAmismfoundmin
:mANSWER✅-mspinach.
Amvitaminmthatmplaysmammajormroleminmbloodmclottingmis
:mANSWER✅-mvitaminmK.
Themmineralmthatmismamcatalystmformmanymreactionsminmcellsmthatmproducemenergymis
:mANSWER✅-mmagnesium
Thyroid-stimulatingmhormonemcontrolsmthemuptakemof
:mANSWER✅-miodine.
Ironmplaysmamrolemin
:mANSWER✅-mhemoglobinmsynthesis.
Themmineralmformthemcontrolledmnecessarymoxidationmofmcarbohydrate,mfat,mandmproteinminmpr
oducingmandmstoringmavailablemenergymformthembodymis
:mANSWER✅-mphosphorus
Themtracemmineralmthatmplaysmamroleminmhemoglobinmformationmandmgeneralmmetabolism
ism:mANSWER✅-miron.
m
Anmimportantmfunctionmofmsodiummis
:mANSWER✅-
m watermbalance.mIronmismstore
dmas
,:mANSWER✅-mferritin
Majormmineralsmare
:mANSWER✅-mrequiredmbymthembodyminmamountsmofmmoremthanm100mmg/day.
Themgreatestmsourcemofmdietarymzincmis
:mANSWER✅-mmeat.
Amfoodmthatmismamgoodmsourcemofmcalciummis
:mANSWER✅-myogurt
Themmajormelectrolytemfoundminsidemcellsmis
:mANSWER✅-mpotassium.
AmdecreaseminmthemactivationmofmvitaminmDminmkidneymdiseasemresultsmin
:mANSWER✅-mosteodystrophy
Medicalmnutritionmtherapymformacutemglomerulonephritismconsistsmof
:mANSWER✅-madequatemcaloriesmtommaintainmmetabolicmneeds
Duringmhemodialysis,mproteinmintakemismusually
:mANSWER✅-matmleastm1.2mg/kg.
Elevatedmbloodmureamnitrogen,mserummcreatinine,mandmserummuricmacidmlevelsmaremreflectedminmt
hemlaboratorymfindingmof
:mANSWER✅-mazotemia.
Formpatientsmwithmchronicmkidneymfailure,mpotassiummintakemismbasedmon
:mANSWER✅-mserummpotassiummlevel.
Patientsmwithmchronicmkidneymdiseasemoftenmdevelopmanemiamduemto
:mANSWER✅-mtheminadequatemproductionmofmerythropoietin
Patientsmwithmchronicmkidneymfailuremtreatedmwithmperitonealmdialysismmustmconsidermneedsmba
sedmonmenergy
:mANSWER✅-mabsorbedmfrommthemdialysate.menergy
, Ampotentmhormonemproducedmbymthemadrenalmglandsmthatmactsmonmthemdistalmnephronmtubulemtom
reabsorbmsodiummis
:mANSWER✅-maldosterone
Themmassivemedemamofmnephroticmsyndromemismcausedmby
:mANSWER✅-mlargemproteinmlossesminmthemurine.
Symptomsmofmchronicmrenalmfailureminclude
:mANSWER✅-mdiarrhea.
Itmismcommonmformpatientsmwithmacutemkidneymfailuremtomneed
:mANSWER✅-menteralmnutrition.
Themabsencemofmurinemproduction,mindicatingmkidneymfailure,mismcalled
:mANSWER✅-manuria.
Classicmsymptomsmofmglomerulonephritisminclude
:mANSWER✅-mproteinuria.
Themtypemofmdietmrecommendedmformampersonmwithmamkidneymstonemdependsmon
:mANSWER✅-mthemcompositionmofmthemstone.
ComparedmwithmthempHminmthemsmallmintestine,mthempHminmthemstomachmis
:mANSWER✅-mlower.
Convertingmnoncarbohydratemsubstancesmintomglucosemismcalled
:mANSWER✅-mgluconeogenesis.
Masticationmismanmimportantmpartmofmdigestionmbecausemit
:mANSWER✅-mpreparesmthemfoodmformdigestionmbymenzymes
Phenylketonuriamismcausedmbymtheminabilitymtomproducemthemenzymemneededmto
:mANSWER✅-mmetabolizemthemaminomacidmphenylalanine.
Themhormonemthatmstimulatesmthempancreasmtomreleasemitsmsecretionsmis
:mANSWER✅-msecretin.
