Test Bank for Psychology 8th Edition by Hockenbury-PSY101-
n n n n n n n
2022
Answers on the last page n n n n
1. Onenofnthenfournbasicngoalsnofnpsychologynisnto:
A) listennto,ncounsel,nandnconsolenpeoplenwithnproblems.
B) applynthenfindingsnofnanimalnresearchntonabnormalnbehavior.
C) controlnpeople.
D) describenbehaviornandnmentalnprocesses.
2. WilhelmnWundtnfocusednon:
A) naturenversusnnurturenissuesnandninteractivendualism.
B) hownbrainndamagencontributesntonmentalnillness.
C) fundamentalnpsychologicalnprocesses,nsuchnasnmentalnreactionntimesninnresponsentonvisualnandnaudi
D) theneffectsnofnmentalnillnessnonnfamilies.
3. n nbecamenthenfirstnmajornschoolnofnthoughtninnpsychologynandnreliednonnanmethodncallednintrospecti
A) Functionalism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behaviorism
D) Structuralism
4. ThenfirstnAfricannAmericanntonearnnanPh.D.ninnpsychologynwas:
A) MarynWhitonnCalkins.
B) FrancisnC.nSumner.
C) EdwardnB.nTitchener.
D) G.nStanleynHall.
5. dominatednAmericannpsychologynbeginningninnthenearlyn1900s.
A) Behaviorism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Humanism
D) Structuralism
6. Asnonenofnthenadvocatesnof , developednantheorynofnmotivationnthatnemphasizednpsycholog
A) functionalism;nG.nStanleynHall
B) psychoanalysis;nSigmundnFreud
C) humanisticnpsychology;nAbrahamnMaslow
D) structuralism;nEdwardnB.nTitchener
7. Whichnofnthenfollowingntitlesnwouldnmostnlikelynbenfoundninnanresearchnjournalnfornneuroscience?
A) “IncreasednlevelsnofnthenHormonenTestosteronenImpactnthenBrain,nCausingnIncreasednAggressivenB
ats”
B) “ThenEffectsnofnComplimentsnonnHelpingnBehavior”
C) “DecreasesninnSocialnFunctioningnCannBenReversednThroughnIncreasednSocialnActivitiesninnthenOld
D) “SpacingnRehearsalsnDuringnLearningnImprovesnLong-TermnMemorynfornNonsensenSyllables”
,B) skepticism.
C) lawfulnunderstanding.
D) cautiousninterpretation.
,12. Accordingntonthen“SciencenVersusnPseudoscience”nbox,nwhichnofnthenfollowingnitemsnisnNOTnonenofnthe
roponentsnofnpseudosciencentongivencredibilityntontheirnclaims?
A) shiftingnthenburdennofnproof
B) usenofnirrefutablenornnonfalsifiablenclaims
C) combiningnunfoundednclaimsnwithnestablishednscientificnfindings
D) usenofnthenscientificnmethodnandnreplicationnofntheirnfindingsnbynothernscientists
13. ProfessornNewbergndecidedntonstudynpreferencesnofnseniornadults,nsonhenvisitednanlocalnretirementnvillage
nparticipateninnanlengthynsurvey.nProfessornNewberg'snsurveynresultsnarenprobablyninvalidnbecausenhendid
A) anvalidnhypothesis.
B) annoperationalndefinition.
C) independentnandndependentnvariables.
D) anrepresentativensamplenofnparticipants.
14. Ofnthenfollowingncorrelationncoefficients,nwhichnrepresentsnthenweakestnrelationshipnbetweenntwonfactor
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Severalncorrelationalnstudiesnindicatenthatnthenmorentimenstudentsnspendnplayingnviolentnvideongames,nth
ndencyntonengageninndelinquentnbehavior.nBasednonnthisnresult,nyounwouldnbenjustifiedninnstatingnthat:
A) playingnviolentnvideongamesncausesndelinquentnbehavior.
B) therenisnanpositivencorrelationnbetweenndelinquentnbehaviornandnplayingnviolentnvideongames.
C) therenisnanneTgaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioornnP
bestywceheo
nnlpolagyyin8
gtvhioE
lednittvio
idneobgyam
Heosncakndendbeluinrqyuentnbehavior.
D) thenresearchersnwerenconductingnpseudoscientificnresearch.
16. Correlationalnresearch:
A) cannindicatencausalityninneithernanpositivenornannegativendirection.
B) providesnthenmostncompellingnevidencenofnancause-and-effectnrelationshipnbetweenntwonvariables.
C) cannrevealnthendegreentonwhichntwonfactorsnarenrelatednornco-varyninnansystematicnway.
D) hasnbeennbannednbynthenAmericannPsychologicalnAssociationnsincenthen1960s,nbutnitnisnstillnallowed
17. ResearchersnatnthenUnitednFamilynTherapynCenternarenconductingnanstudyntondeterminenhownquicklynsym
educednbyndifferentnformsnofnpsychotherapy.nWhatnisnthendependentnvariableninnthisnstudy?
A) changeninnthensymptomsnofnanxiety
B) thenmethodnusedntonrecruitnparticipantsnfornthenstudy
C) thentypenofnpsychotherapynusedntontreatnanxiety
D) thennumbernofnparticipantsnreceivingneachntypenofnpsychotherapy
18. Whichnofnthenfollowingnisnanprocedurenthatnensuresnthatnallnparticipantsnhavenannequalnchancenofnbeingna
xperimentalnconditions?
A) thendouble-blindntechnique
B) randomnassignment
C) thensingle-blindntechnique
D) randomnselection
19. InnanstudyndescribedninnChaptern1,npsychologistnPaulnSolomonnandnhisncolleaguesninvestigatedntheneffec
obanonnmemory,nconcentration,nandnothernmentalntasks.nAllnparticipantsninnthenstudyntooknanbatterynofntes
endnofnthensix-weeknstudy.nThenresultsnshowednthat:
A) testnscoresnincreasednaboutnthensamenfornthenparticipantsninnthenexperimentalngroupnandnfornthenpart
ntrolngroup.
, 21. Psychologistsnarenexpectedntonabidenbynethicalnprinciplesnregulatingnresearchnwithnhumannparticipants;nt
lnofnthenfollowingnEXCEPT:
A) informednconsent.
B) deception.
C) confidentiality.
D) compulsorynparticipation.
22. Accordingntonthen“PsychnFornYournLife:nSuccessfulnStudynTechniques”nboxninnyourntextbook:
A) multitaskingnwhilenstudyingngreatlynenhancesnretentionnofncontent.
B) takingnnotesnonnyournlaptopnenhancesnretentionnofncontent,nwhereasntakingnnotesnbynhandnreducesnr
C) practicentestsnmustnbenmultiplenchoicenornshortnanswerninnorderntonenhancenretentionnofnmaterial.
D) distributednpracticenhasnangreaternimpactnonnretentionnandnrecallnthannmassednpractice.
23. Whichnofnthenfollowingnstatementsnaboutnpsychologistsnisntrue?
A) Theynfocusnexclusivelynonntreatingnpsychologicalndisordersnandnproblems.
B) Theynareninterestedninnbothnnormalnandnabnormalnbehaviors.
C) Allnpsychologistsncannprescribenmedication.
D) Allnpsychologistsnhavenandoctorateninntheirnfieldnofnstudy.
24. WilliamnWundt:
A) wasnSigmundnFreudnandnEriknErikson'snmentor.
B) proposednandoctrinencalledn“interactivendualism”—thenideanthatnmindnandnbodynwerenseparatenentit
C) wasnthenfoundernofnphysiology—anbranchnofnbiologynthatnstudiesnthenfunctionsnandnpartsnofnlivingno
D) definednpsychologynasnthenstudynofnconsciousnessnandnemphasizednthenusenofnexperimentalnmethod
it.
25. EdwardnTitchenernisnassociatednwithnwhichnearlynapproachnorn“school”nofnpsychology?
A) behaviorism
B) structuralism
C) functionalism
D) psychoanalysis
26. MarynWhitonnCalkins:
A) foundednthenfirstnpsychologynlaboratoryninnthenUnitednStatesnatnYalenUniversity.
B) studiednwithnSigmundnFreudnandnbecamenthenfirstnfemalenpsychoanalystninnthenUnitednStates.
C) isnbestnknownnfornhernpioneeringnresearchnonncomparativenpsychologynandnhernbooknThenAnimalnM
D) conductednresearchnonnpersonality,ndreams,nandnmemory,nandnwasnthenfirstnwomannelectednpreside
sychologicalnAssociation.
27. SigmundnFreud'snschoolnofnthought,ncalledn“
,”nemphasizednthenrolenofnunconsciousnconflictsninndeterminingnbehaviornandnpersonality.
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) psychoanalysis
D) behaviorism
28. WhichnofnthenfollowingnindividualsnwasnNOTnankeynscientistninnthendevelopmentnofnbehaviorism?
A) SigmundnFreud
B) IvannPavlov
C) JohnnB.nWatson
D) B.F.nSkinner
n n n n n n n
2022
Answers on the last page n n n n
1. Onenofnthenfournbasicngoalsnofnpsychologynisnto:
A) listennto,ncounsel,nandnconsolenpeoplenwithnproblems.
B) applynthenfindingsnofnanimalnresearchntonabnormalnbehavior.
C) controlnpeople.
D) describenbehaviornandnmentalnprocesses.
2. WilhelmnWundtnfocusednon:
A) naturenversusnnurturenissuesnandninteractivendualism.
B) hownbrainndamagencontributesntonmentalnillness.
C) fundamentalnpsychologicalnprocesses,nsuchnasnmentalnreactionntimesninnresponsentonvisualnandnaudi
D) theneffectsnofnmentalnillnessnonnfamilies.
3. n nbecamenthenfirstnmajornschoolnofnthoughtninnpsychologynandnreliednonnanmethodncallednintrospecti
A) Functionalism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behaviorism
D) Structuralism
4. ThenfirstnAfricannAmericanntonearnnanPh.D.ninnpsychologynwas:
A) MarynWhitonnCalkins.
B) FrancisnC.nSumner.
C) EdwardnB.nTitchener.
D) G.nStanleynHall.
5. dominatednAmericannpsychologynbeginningninnthenearlyn1900s.
A) Behaviorism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Humanism
D) Structuralism
6. Asnonenofnthenadvocatesnof , developednantheorynofnmotivationnthatnemphasizednpsycholog
A) functionalism;nG.nStanleynHall
B) psychoanalysis;nSigmundnFreud
C) humanisticnpsychology;nAbrahamnMaslow
D) structuralism;nEdwardnB.nTitchener
7. Whichnofnthenfollowingntitlesnwouldnmostnlikelynbenfoundninnanresearchnjournalnfornneuroscience?
A) “IncreasednlevelsnofnthenHormonenTestosteronenImpactnthenBrain,nCausingnIncreasednAggressivenB
ats”
B) “ThenEffectsnofnComplimentsnonnHelpingnBehavior”
C) “DecreasesninnSocialnFunctioningnCannBenReversednThroughnIncreasednSocialnActivitiesninnthenOld
D) “SpacingnRehearsalsnDuringnLearningnImprovesnLong-TermnMemorynfornNonsensenSyllables”
,B) skepticism.
C) lawfulnunderstanding.
D) cautiousninterpretation.
,12. Accordingntonthen“SciencenVersusnPseudoscience”nbox,nwhichnofnthenfollowingnitemsnisnNOTnonenofnthe
roponentsnofnpseudosciencentongivencredibilityntontheirnclaims?
A) shiftingnthenburdennofnproof
B) usenofnirrefutablenornnonfalsifiablenclaims
C) combiningnunfoundednclaimsnwithnestablishednscientificnfindings
D) usenofnthenscientificnmethodnandnreplicationnofntheirnfindingsnbynothernscientists
13. ProfessornNewbergndecidedntonstudynpreferencesnofnseniornadults,nsonhenvisitednanlocalnretirementnvillage
nparticipateninnanlengthynsurvey.nProfessornNewberg'snsurveynresultsnarenprobablyninvalidnbecausenhendid
A) anvalidnhypothesis.
B) annoperationalndefinition.
C) independentnandndependentnvariables.
D) anrepresentativensamplenofnparticipants.
14. Ofnthenfollowingncorrelationncoefficients,nwhichnrepresentsnthenweakestnrelationshipnbetweenntwonfactor
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Severalncorrelationalnstudiesnindicatenthatnthenmorentimenstudentsnspendnplayingnviolentnvideongames,nth
ndencyntonengageninndelinquentnbehavior.nBasednonnthisnresult,nyounwouldnbenjustifiedninnstatingnthat:
A) playingnviolentnvideongamesncausesndelinquentnbehavior.
B) therenisnanpositivencorrelationnbetweenndelinquentnbehaviornandnplayingnviolentnvideongames.
C) therenisnanneTgaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioornnP
bestywceheo
nnlpolagyyin8
gtvhioE
lednittvio
idneobgyam
Heosncakndendbeluinrqyuentnbehavior.
D) thenresearchersnwerenconductingnpseudoscientificnresearch.
16. Correlationalnresearch:
A) cannindicatencausalityninneithernanpositivenornannegativendirection.
B) providesnthenmostncompellingnevidencenofnancause-and-effectnrelationshipnbetweenntwonvariables.
C) cannrevealnthendegreentonwhichntwonfactorsnarenrelatednornco-varyninnansystematicnway.
D) hasnbeennbannednbynthenAmericannPsychologicalnAssociationnsincenthen1960s,nbutnitnisnstillnallowed
17. ResearchersnatnthenUnitednFamilynTherapynCenternarenconductingnanstudyntondeterminenhownquicklynsym
educednbyndifferentnformsnofnpsychotherapy.nWhatnisnthendependentnvariableninnthisnstudy?
A) changeninnthensymptomsnofnanxiety
B) thenmethodnusedntonrecruitnparticipantsnfornthenstudy
C) thentypenofnpsychotherapynusedntontreatnanxiety
D) thennumbernofnparticipantsnreceivingneachntypenofnpsychotherapy
18. Whichnofnthenfollowingnisnanprocedurenthatnensuresnthatnallnparticipantsnhavenannequalnchancenofnbeingna
xperimentalnconditions?
A) thendouble-blindntechnique
B) randomnassignment
C) thensingle-blindntechnique
D) randomnselection
19. InnanstudyndescribedninnChaptern1,npsychologistnPaulnSolomonnandnhisncolleaguesninvestigatedntheneffec
obanonnmemory,nconcentration,nandnothernmentalntasks.nAllnparticipantsninnthenstudyntooknanbatterynofntes
endnofnthensix-weeknstudy.nThenresultsnshowednthat:
A) testnscoresnincreasednaboutnthensamenfornthenparticipantsninnthenexperimentalngroupnandnfornthenpart
ntrolngroup.
, 21. Psychologistsnarenexpectedntonabidenbynethicalnprinciplesnregulatingnresearchnwithnhumannparticipants;nt
lnofnthenfollowingnEXCEPT:
A) informednconsent.
B) deception.
C) confidentiality.
D) compulsorynparticipation.
22. Accordingntonthen“PsychnFornYournLife:nSuccessfulnStudynTechniques”nboxninnyourntextbook:
A) multitaskingnwhilenstudyingngreatlynenhancesnretentionnofncontent.
B) takingnnotesnonnyournlaptopnenhancesnretentionnofncontent,nwhereasntakingnnotesnbynhandnreducesnr
C) practicentestsnmustnbenmultiplenchoicenornshortnanswerninnorderntonenhancenretentionnofnmaterial.
D) distributednpracticenhasnangreaternimpactnonnretentionnandnrecallnthannmassednpractice.
23. Whichnofnthenfollowingnstatementsnaboutnpsychologistsnisntrue?
A) Theynfocusnexclusivelynonntreatingnpsychologicalndisordersnandnproblems.
B) Theynareninterestedninnbothnnormalnandnabnormalnbehaviors.
C) Allnpsychologistsncannprescribenmedication.
D) Allnpsychologistsnhavenandoctorateninntheirnfieldnofnstudy.
24. WilliamnWundt:
A) wasnSigmundnFreudnandnEriknErikson'snmentor.
B) proposednandoctrinencalledn“interactivendualism”—thenideanthatnmindnandnbodynwerenseparatenentit
C) wasnthenfoundernofnphysiology—anbranchnofnbiologynthatnstudiesnthenfunctionsnandnpartsnofnlivingno
D) definednpsychologynasnthenstudynofnconsciousnessnandnemphasizednthenusenofnexperimentalnmethod
it.
25. EdwardnTitchenernisnassociatednwithnwhichnearlynapproachnorn“school”nofnpsychology?
A) behaviorism
B) structuralism
C) functionalism
D) psychoanalysis
26. MarynWhitonnCalkins:
A) foundednthenfirstnpsychologynlaboratoryninnthenUnitednStatesnatnYalenUniversity.
B) studiednwithnSigmundnFreudnandnbecamenthenfirstnfemalenpsychoanalystninnthenUnitednStates.
C) isnbestnknownnfornhernpioneeringnresearchnonncomparativenpsychologynandnhernbooknThenAnimalnM
D) conductednresearchnonnpersonality,ndreams,nandnmemory,nandnwasnthenfirstnwomannelectednpreside
sychologicalnAssociation.
27. SigmundnFreud'snschoolnofnthought,ncalledn“
,”nemphasizednthenrolenofnunconsciousnconflictsninndeterminingnbehaviornandnpersonality.
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) psychoanalysis
D) behaviorism
28. WhichnofnthenfollowingnindividualsnwasnNOTnankeynscientistninnthendevelopmentnofnbehaviorism?
A) SigmundnFreud
B) IvannPavlov
C) JohnnB.nWatson
D) B.F.nSkinner
