Arterial Blood gas (ABG) Notes

ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) values measure the levels of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide
(CO2) in the blood, as well as the blood's pH level. Here are the normal ABG values:

*Normal ABG Values:*

1. pH: 7.35 - 7.45
2. PaO2 (Partial Pressure of Oxygen): 75 - 100 mmHg
3. PaCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide): 35 - 45 mmHg
4. HCO3 (Bicarbonate): 22 - 28 mEq/L
5. SaO2 (Oxygen Saturation): 95% - 100%

*Interpretation of ABG Values:*

*Acidosis (pH < 7.35)*

- Respiratory Acidosis: PaCO2 > 45 mmHg
- Metabolic Acidosis: HCO3 < 22 mEq/L

*Alkalosis (pH > 7.45)*

- Respiratory Alkalosis: PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
- Metabolic Alkalosis: HCO3 > 28 mEq/L

*Hypoxemia (PaO2 < 75 mmHg)*

- Mild: PaO2 60-74 mmHg
- Moderate: PaO2 40-59 mmHg
- Severe: PaO2 < 40 mmHg

*ABG Value Ranges:*

- Normal: 7.35-7.45 (pH), 75-100 (PaO2), 35-45 (PaCO2)
- Mild disturbance: 7.30-7.34 (pH), 60-74 (PaO2), 30-34 (PaCO2)
- Moderate disturbance: 7.20-7.29 (pH), 40-59 (PaO2), 20-29 (PaCO2)
- Severe disturbance: < 7.20 (pH), < 40 (PaO2), < 20 (PaCO2)