CRJS 1001: A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATES UNVAILED!
Crime
A socially constructed concept defining certain behaviours as requiring formal control and social
intervention
Indictable Offence
A serious offence such as assault, theft over $5,000, robbery (with or without a firearm), or murder
Summary Offence
A less serious offence, such as theft under $5,000, impersonating a police officer, or taking a motor
vehicle without consent
Conventional Crime
Illegal activity committed by individuals or small groups, involving some degree of direct or indirect
contact, e.g. robbery, vehicle theft, and break-and-enter
Non-Conventional Crime
Illegal activity that may not be associated with crime and that may not be pursued by the criminal justice
system, e.g. organized crime, political crime, and cybercrime
Deviance
Behaviour that violates a social norm but is not necessarily prohibited by law, e.g. butting in line at a
supermarket or cutting off another driver
Decriminalization
The reduction or removal of criminal penalties attached to an act but without legalizing it
Relative
When applied to crime, the idea that what is defined as crime can cary with time and location
Evolutive
When applied to crime, the idea that the characteristics of crime can change, taking different forms over
time
Consensus Crimes
Activities that are generally considered very harmful; therefore there is strong support for sanctioning
and controlling them
Conflict Crimes
, Activities that aren't universally considered crimes, although they are legally defined as such, e.g.
possessing non-medical marijuana, procuring the services of a prostitute
Criminology
An interdisciplinary science that studies criminal behaviour, crime causation, crime prevention, and the
punishment and rehabilitation of offenders
Criminologist
A behavioural scientist who specializes in the identification, classification, and description of criminal
behaviour
Interdisciplinary Approach
In criminology, the integration of knowledge from a variety of disciplines to formulate theories of
criminal behaviour
Etiology
The study of origins or causes of a phenomenon
Penology
The study of how crime is punished
Crime Rate
The number of criminal offences in a category, recorded in a fixed ratio, such as per 100,000 people
Rationalism
The principle that some kinds of knowledge are innate and others can be acquired through reasoning,
independent of experience
Empiricism
The principle that knowledge is acquired only through experience
Paradigm Shift
A fundamental change in the prevailing model or theoretical orientation
Net Widening
The process by which the state expands its control over behaviour through changes to sentencing laws
and administrative policies
Moral Panic
Widespread exaggerated public concern over issues associated with morality (e.g. prostitution,
pornography)
Conflict Theory
UPDATES UNVAILED!
Crime
A socially constructed concept defining certain behaviours as requiring formal control and social
intervention
Indictable Offence
A serious offence such as assault, theft over $5,000, robbery (with or without a firearm), or murder
Summary Offence
A less serious offence, such as theft under $5,000, impersonating a police officer, or taking a motor
vehicle without consent
Conventional Crime
Illegal activity committed by individuals or small groups, involving some degree of direct or indirect
contact, e.g. robbery, vehicle theft, and break-and-enter
Non-Conventional Crime
Illegal activity that may not be associated with crime and that may not be pursued by the criminal justice
system, e.g. organized crime, political crime, and cybercrime
Deviance
Behaviour that violates a social norm but is not necessarily prohibited by law, e.g. butting in line at a
supermarket or cutting off another driver
Decriminalization
The reduction or removal of criminal penalties attached to an act but without legalizing it
Relative
When applied to crime, the idea that what is defined as crime can cary with time and location
Evolutive
When applied to crime, the idea that the characteristics of crime can change, taking different forms over
time
Consensus Crimes
Activities that are generally considered very harmful; therefore there is strong support for sanctioning
and controlling them
Conflict Crimes
, Activities that aren't universally considered crimes, although they are legally defined as such, e.g.
possessing non-medical marijuana, procuring the services of a prostitute
Criminology
An interdisciplinary science that studies criminal behaviour, crime causation, crime prevention, and the
punishment and rehabilitation of offenders
Criminologist
A behavioural scientist who specializes in the identification, classification, and description of criminal
behaviour
Interdisciplinary Approach
In criminology, the integration of knowledge from a variety of disciplines to formulate theories of
criminal behaviour
Etiology
The study of origins or causes of a phenomenon
Penology
The study of how crime is punished
Crime Rate
The number of criminal offences in a category, recorded in a fixed ratio, such as per 100,000 people
Rationalism
The principle that some kinds of knowledge are innate and others can be acquired through reasoning,
independent of experience
Empiricism
The principle that knowledge is acquired only through experience
Paradigm Shift
A fundamental change in the prevailing model or theoretical orientation
Net Widening
The process by which the state expands its control over behaviour through changes to sentencing laws
and administrative policies
Moral Panic
Widespread exaggerated public concern over issues associated with morality (e.g. prostitution,
pornography)
Conflict Theory
