CRJS 1001: A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATES UNVAILED!
The three methods of measuring crime
1. Uniform crime reports (UCR)
2. General social survey/victimization survey
3. Self-report data
Making records into statistics and the 5 methodological issues
1. Units of count: what is being counted
2. Level of aggression: how to combine data
3. Definitions: how to define what is being counted?
4. Data element: what info is getting collected?
5. Accounting procedure: how to count units in elements
What are the official statistics in Canada?
UCRs (Uniform crime, reporting survey.)
UCRs
- Goal is to provide a uniform and comparable national stats
- Crime rates are expressed as the number of criminal incidents for every 100,000 Canadians
- This method allows for comparisons between jurisdictions/overtime. It is not influenced by differences
in populations.
The two types of UCR surveys
aggregate survey, 1.0 - collects summary data for 100 criminal offences.
Incident based survey 2.0 - collects more detailed information on incidence victims and accused
cons of UCRs
levels of seriousness- inflate serious crime counts makes it seem that it is happening more than it is
- results in deflating of actual total crime count
What are typologies
A way to classify/organize a crime
the 6 typologies
1. violent crime
2. property crime
3. crimes of morality and public order
4. organized crimes
5.hate crime and terrorism
6. white collar / corporate crime
, Quantitative Approach
developed in relation to a positivism as well as:
realist perspective- assume that reality is waiting to be discovered, casal knowledge- world is made up of
causes and effects,
deductive reasoning - starts with theory and then tests hypothesis.
high generalization = high reliability
cons of a quantitative approach
creates stereotypes, homelessness = criminals
quantitative approach
idea of "sympathetic understanding", were researcher see the world from the participants POV of the
research.
Definition of the situation - an individual's behavior is influenced by their understanding of the situation.
inductive reasoning - starts with observation and data collection to build or add to a theory.
Controversies over crime
Coverage: how can we obtain reliable and valid data on the scope and nature of the crime
Reliable: how consistent are the results?
Validity: does the tool actually measure the crime.
Methodology: do the methods used to count crime hold up under critical analysis.
safe consumption is....
biased and flawed.
the 911 as a data source is reliable but not valid.
stats measure the class but not the severity ; false call, police discretion, discrimination, methodology.
Criminology
Study of crime as a social phenomenon.
Human Rights Violations
Crimes defined by violations of basic human rights.
Colonialism
Exploitation through cultural destruction and systemic violence.
CSI Effect
Media influence on public perceptions of crime.
Counting Crime
Methods to quantify crime incidents and trends.
UPDATES UNVAILED!
The three methods of measuring crime
1. Uniform crime reports (UCR)
2. General social survey/victimization survey
3. Self-report data
Making records into statistics and the 5 methodological issues
1. Units of count: what is being counted
2. Level of aggression: how to combine data
3. Definitions: how to define what is being counted?
4. Data element: what info is getting collected?
5. Accounting procedure: how to count units in elements
What are the official statistics in Canada?
UCRs (Uniform crime, reporting survey.)
UCRs
- Goal is to provide a uniform and comparable national stats
- Crime rates are expressed as the number of criminal incidents for every 100,000 Canadians
- This method allows for comparisons between jurisdictions/overtime. It is not influenced by differences
in populations.
The two types of UCR surveys
aggregate survey, 1.0 - collects summary data for 100 criminal offences.
Incident based survey 2.0 - collects more detailed information on incidence victims and accused
cons of UCRs
levels of seriousness- inflate serious crime counts makes it seem that it is happening more than it is
- results in deflating of actual total crime count
What are typologies
A way to classify/organize a crime
the 6 typologies
1. violent crime
2. property crime
3. crimes of morality and public order
4. organized crimes
5.hate crime and terrorism
6. white collar / corporate crime
, Quantitative Approach
developed in relation to a positivism as well as:
realist perspective- assume that reality is waiting to be discovered, casal knowledge- world is made up of
causes and effects,
deductive reasoning - starts with theory and then tests hypothesis.
high generalization = high reliability
cons of a quantitative approach
creates stereotypes, homelessness = criminals
quantitative approach
idea of "sympathetic understanding", were researcher see the world from the participants POV of the
research.
Definition of the situation - an individual's behavior is influenced by their understanding of the situation.
inductive reasoning - starts with observation and data collection to build or add to a theory.
Controversies over crime
Coverage: how can we obtain reliable and valid data on the scope and nature of the crime
Reliable: how consistent are the results?
Validity: does the tool actually measure the crime.
Methodology: do the methods used to count crime hold up under critical analysis.
safe consumption is....
biased and flawed.
the 911 as a data source is reliable but not valid.
stats measure the class but not the severity ; false call, police discretion, discrimination, methodology.
Criminology
Study of crime as a social phenomenon.
Human Rights Violations
Crimes defined by violations of basic human rights.
Colonialism
Exploitation through cultural destruction and systemic violence.
CSI Effect
Media influence on public perceptions of crime.
Counting Crime
Methods to quantify crime incidents and trends.
