NUR 631QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
What houses all of our genetic information in the cell? - Answer - Nucleus
Apoptosis - Answer - process of programmed cell death
What happens when a cell has impaired metabolism? - Answer - Increase in waste
products.
How does water move between ICF and ECF - Answer - Osmosis-
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What happenes during alkalosis - Answer - Ex. vomiting. body is getting rid of all the H
leaving bicarb
Diffusion - Answer - the process by which molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
Disorders that cause metabolic alkalosis - Answer - Vomiting, by holding onto bicarb
What protein denotes an increased risk of neural tube defects during an amniocentesis?
- Answer - Alpha fetoprotein
What gets water moving in and out of cells? - Answer - Osmosis of water through a
selectively permeable membrane
Down Syndrome - Answer - a condition of intellectual disability (IQ <70)and associated
physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Wide spaced eyes
Flattened face
almond eyes
short neck
small ears,
Cardiac defects
Cognitive Defects
,How can a mother prevent a child from getting Type 1 DM? - Answer - Type 1 DM is
autoimmune with a heredity component. It cannot be prevented.
What genes maintain the cell during wound healing and inflammation. - Answer -
housekeeping gene
Why do older adults take longer to heal? - Answer - Comorbidities delay healings.
What happens when a newborn does not have enough collectin proteins? - Answer -
Collectins (collagen-containing C-type lectins) are a part of the innate immune system.
They are at a higher risk for respiratory infections.
Where do B lymphocytes mature? - Answer - The B-lymphocytes become mature B cells
in the bone marrow
active aquired immunity - Answer - Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when the
person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a
result of the primary immune response. Artificially acquired active immunity can be
induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains the antigen.
Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - Answer - reaction is a form of immune-mediated
reaction in which antibodies are directed against cellular or extracellular matrix antigens.
This antibody-mediated response leads to cellular destruction, functional loss, or damage
to tissues.
Antibodies attach the antigens on the cell surface
Why do we give Rhogam? - Answer - used to prevent Rh immunization, a condition in
which an individual with Rh-negative blood develops antibodies after exposure to Rh-
positive blood.
-at about 28 weeks of pregnancy and whenever your blood may mix with your baby's, like
during prenatal tests or delivery
-prevents hemolytic anemia in the newborn.
What happens at a cellular level during organ rejection? - Answer - The ability of recipient
T cells to recognize donor-derived antigens, called allorecognition, initiates allograft
rejection. Once recipient T cells become activated, they undergo clonal expansion,
differentiate into effector cells, and migrate into the graft where they promote tissue
destruction.
-Body releases TH1 cells that release natural killer cells, cytokines (inflammation),
macrophages. They will attack the epithelial cells of the transplanted organ
, Exotoxins - Answer - An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can cause
damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. They are
highly potent and can cause major damage to the host. Exotoxins may be secreted, or,
similar to endotoxins, may be released during lysis of the cell. (growth)
What type of cells controls fungal infections? - Answer - T-Lymphocytes and phagocytes
help control fungal infections
The host immune response to fungal infection occurs in a coordinated way via both innate
and adaptive immune cells. Innate effector cells, mainly macrophages, and neutrophils,
are the first line of defense against inhaled fungal spores
During times of increased stress what hormone is excreted and what is its effect on blood
sugar? - Answer - Cortisol, the primary stress hormone, increases sugars (glucose) in the
bloodstream, enhances your brain's use of glucose, and increases the availability of
substances that repair tissues. Cortisol also curbs functions that would be nonessential
or detrimental in a fight-or-flight situation.
-Hypoglycemia
How dehydrated does a child have to be to affect the BP? - Answer - 10% drop in fluid
status causes a drop in blood pressure
A student has studied secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). What
substance does the student learn is least likely to stimulate the normal endothelial cells
to change to a proinflammatory state?
a.Interleukin (IL)-1
b.IL-4
c.IL 6
d.Tumor necrosis factor - Answer - b
What is reperfusion injury? - Answer - Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-
reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood
supply returns to tissue (re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen
(anoxia or hypoxia).
Why do we worry about kidney failure in electrical burns in children? - Answer - -Damage
to the muscle releases myoglobin that are too large for the kidneys to process.
-Acute renal failure occurring immediately after burns is mostly due to reduced cardiac
output, which is mainly caused by fluid loss. This is usually caused by delayed or
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
What houses all of our genetic information in the cell? - Answer - Nucleus
Apoptosis - Answer - process of programmed cell death
What happens when a cell has impaired metabolism? - Answer - Increase in waste
products.
How does water move between ICF and ECF - Answer - Osmosis-
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What happenes during alkalosis - Answer - Ex. vomiting. body is getting rid of all the H
leaving bicarb
Diffusion - Answer - the process by which molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
Disorders that cause metabolic alkalosis - Answer - Vomiting, by holding onto bicarb
What protein denotes an increased risk of neural tube defects during an amniocentesis?
- Answer - Alpha fetoprotein
What gets water moving in and out of cells? - Answer - Osmosis of water through a
selectively permeable membrane
Down Syndrome - Answer - a condition of intellectual disability (IQ <70)and associated
physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Wide spaced eyes
Flattened face
almond eyes
short neck
small ears,
Cardiac defects
Cognitive Defects
,How can a mother prevent a child from getting Type 1 DM? - Answer - Type 1 DM is
autoimmune with a heredity component. It cannot be prevented.
What genes maintain the cell during wound healing and inflammation. - Answer -
housekeeping gene
Why do older adults take longer to heal? - Answer - Comorbidities delay healings.
What happens when a newborn does not have enough collectin proteins? - Answer -
Collectins (collagen-containing C-type lectins) are a part of the innate immune system.
They are at a higher risk for respiratory infections.
Where do B lymphocytes mature? - Answer - The B-lymphocytes become mature B cells
in the bone marrow
active aquired immunity - Answer - Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when the
person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a
result of the primary immune response. Artificially acquired active immunity can be
induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains the antigen.
Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - Answer - reaction is a form of immune-mediated
reaction in which antibodies are directed against cellular or extracellular matrix antigens.
This antibody-mediated response leads to cellular destruction, functional loss, or damage
to tissues.
Antibodies attach the antigens on the cell surface
Why do we give Rhogam? - Answer - used to prevent Rh immunization, a condition in
which an individual with Rh-negative blood develops antibodies after exposure to Rh-
positive blood.
-at about 28 weeks of pregnancy and whenever your blood may mix with your baby's, like
during prenatal tests or delivery
-prevents hemolytic anemia in the newborn.
What happens at a cellular level during organ rejection? - Answer - The ability of recipient
T cells to recognize donor-derived antigens, called allorecognition, initiates allograft
rejection. Once recipient T cells become activated, they undergo clonal expansion,
differentiate into effector cells, and migrate into the graft where they promote tissue
destruction.
-Body releases TH1 cells that release natural killer cells, cytokines (inflammation),
macrophages. They will attack the epithelial cells of the transplanted organ
, Exotoxins - Answer - An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can cause
damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. They are
highly potent and can cause major damage to the host. Exotoxins may be secreted, or,
similar to endotoxins, may be released during lysis of the cell. (growth)
What type of cells controls fungal infections? - Answer - T-Lymphocytes and phagocytes
help control fungal infections
The host immune response to fungal infection occurs in a coordinated way via both innate
and adaptive immune cells. Innate effector cells, mainly macrophages, and neutrophils,
are the first line of defense against inhaled fungal spores
During times of increased stress what hormone is excreted and what is its effect on blood
sugar? - Answer - Cortisol, the primary stress hormone, increases sugars (glucose) in the
bloodstream, enhances your brain's use of glucose, and increases the availability of
substances that repair tissues. Cortisol also curbs functions that would be nonessential
or detrimental in a fight-or-flight situation.
-Hypoglycemia
How dehydrated does a child have to be to affect the BP? - Answer - 10% drop in fluid
status causes a drop in blood pressure
A student has studied secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). What
substance does the student learn is least likely to stimulate the normal endothelial cells
to change to a proinflammatory state?
a.Interleukin (IL)-1
b.IL-4
c.IL 6
d.Tumor necrosis factor - Answer - b
What is reperfusion injury? - Answer - Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-
reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood
supply returns to tissue (re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen
(anoxia or hypoxia).
Why do we worry about kidney failure in electrical burns in children? - Answer - -Damage
to the muscle releases myoglobin that are too large for the kidneys to process.
-Acute renal failure occurring immediately after burns is mostly due to reduced cardiac
output, which is mainly caused by fluid loss. This is usually caused by delayed or
