N201 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
Surgery
the art and science of treating diseases, injuries and deformities by operation and
instrumentation.
6 purposes of surgery
1. Diagnosis
2. cure/repair
3. palliation
4. Prevention
5. exploration
6. cosmetic
laparoscopic approach
uses a laparoscope to examine and perform closed procedures within the abdomen.
less invasive
open resection
when an incision is made with a scalpel and the procedure is performed through the
open wound.
Elective surgery
,surgery that is recommended but can be omitted or delayed without catastrophe
Emergent surgery
Requires immediate intervention because of life-threatening consequences
Urgent surgery
surgery that is not an emergency, but must be done within a reasonably short time
frame to preserve health
required surgery
patient needs to have surgery, planned within a few weeks or months
Same day admission (SDA)
when patients require hospitalization for surgery and are usually admitted the day of
their surgery.
surgical-day care (SDC)
when pts are discharged the same day and usually take less then 2 hours.
Ectomy
surgical removal
-oscopy
diagnostic examination
-ostomy
create an opening
-plasty
repair, reconstruction
Surgical stress
, evokes HPA axis and sympathetic system. insulin resistance, catecholamine release
and hyperinflammation.
Excessive stress
May lead to depression, an overactive immune system, and harm to the brain and is the
interaction between the endocrine and inflammatory response which is characterized by
an elevation in counter regulatory hormones such as cortisol, GH, glucagon, and
catecholamines.
Catecholamines
dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
Stress response and surgery
increased cortisol (elevated blood sugar, metabolic rate and O2 consumption)
increased HR + BP by S and P
decreased peristalsis
increase ADH which decreases u/o and h20 retention.
Interventions of Stress response
db+c, incentive spirometer, O2, treating pain, early mobilization, sips to DAT, IV saline
lock.
Pre- operative phase
begins when the decision for surgical intervention is made and ends with the transfer of
the client to the operating room table.
Surgery quality improvement
Education, optimization (stop smoking), bowel prep, decreased fasting, warming, oral
care, skin prep.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
Surgery
the art and science of treating diseases, injuries and deformities by operation and
instrumentation.
6 purposes of surgery
1. Diagnosis
2. cure/repair
3. palliation
4. Prevention
5. exploration
6. cosmetic
laparoscopic approach
uses a laparoscope to examine and perform closed procedures within the abdomen.
less invasive
open resection
when an incision is made with a scalpel and the procedure is performed through the
open wound.
Elective surgery
,surgery that is recommended but can be omitted or delayed without catastrophe
Emergent surgery
Requires immediate intervention because of life-threatening consequences
Urgent surgery
surgery that is not an emergency, but must be done within a reasonably short time
frame to preserve health
required surgery
patient needs to have surgery, planned within a few weeks or months
Same day admission (SDA)
when patients require hospitalization for surgery and are usually admitted the day of
their surgery.
surgical-day care (SDC)
when pts are discharged the same day and usually take less then 2 hours.
Ectomy
surgical removal
-oscopy
diagnostic examination
-ostomy
create an opening
-plasty
repair, reconstruction
Surgical stress
, evokes HPA axis and sympathetic system. insulin resistance, catecholamine release
and hyperinflammation.
Excessive stress
May lead to depression, an overactive immune system, and harm to the brain and is the
interaction between the endocrine and inflammatory response which is characterized by
an elevation in counter regulatory hormones such as cortisol, GH, glucagon, and
catecholamines.
Catecholamines
dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
Stress response and surgery
increased cortisol (elevated blood sugar, metabolic rate and O2 consumption)
increased HR + BP by S and P
decreased peristalsis
increase ADH which decreases u/o and h20 retention.
Interventions of Stress response
db+c, incentive spirometer, O2, treating pain, early mobilization, sips to DAT, IV saline
lock.
Pre- operative phase
begins when the decision for surgical intervention is made and ends with the transfer of
the client to the operating room table.
Surgery quality improvement
Education, optimization (stop smoking), bowel prep, decreased fasting, warming, oral
care, skin prep.
