N201 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
_____% of the adult weight is water
60
what is the primary body fluid?
water
intracellular fluids
- inside the cell
- 2/3 of body water
- increased potassium, phosphate, and magnesium
extracellular fluids
- outside of the cells
- 1/3 of body water
- not in the blood
- CSF
- lymph
- increased sodium, chloride, and bicarb
- decreased potassium, calcium, and magnesium
cations
- potassium
- sodium
,- magnesium
- chloride
- positive charge
anions
- bicarb
- negative charge
osmosis
- movement of water across cell membranes from less concentration to higher
concentration
- no energy source
- generally, stops when balance is met
osmolality
cocnetration of molecules per weight of water
what is the greatest determinant of osmolality of the ECF?
sodium
what are the greatest determinants of osmolality in the ICF
potassium, glucose, and urea
tonicity
osmolality of a solution
filtration
- the movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane becasue of hydrostatic
pressure differences on both sides of the membrane
- filtering things out of the fluid
, hydrostatic pressure
force of fluid in a compartment pushing against a cell membrane or vessel wall
diffusion
- molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
- rate of diffusion based on size of molecules, concentration of the solution, and
temperature of the solution
- larger the molecules, slower diffusion rate
- usually continuous until equilibrium is reached
active transport
- substances can move across cell membranes from less concentration to more
concentration
- "uphill" against the gradient
- maintains higher sodium levels in ECF, higher potassium concentrations in ICF
- occurs because of an energy source (ATP)
fluid intake
- average of 2,400-2,700mL/day
- driven by thirst centers in the brain
fluid output
- average of 2,300-2,600mL/day
- obligatory output per day to function is 400-600m
- insensible output (sweating, breathing)
electrolytes are important for...
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
_____% of the adult weight is water
60
what is the primary body fluid?
water
intracellular fluids
- inside the cell
- 2/3 of body water
- increased potassium, phosphate, and magnesium
extracellular fluids
- outside of the cells
- 1/3 of body water
- not in the blood
- CSF
- lymph
- increased sodium, chloride, and bicarb
- decreased potassium, calcium, and magnesium
cations
- potassium
- sodium
,- magnesium
- chloride
- positive charge
anions
- bicarb
- negative charge
osmosis
- movement of water across cell membranes from less concentration to higher
concentration
- no energy source
- generally, stops when balance is met
osmolality
cocnetration of molecules per weight of water
what is the greatest determinant of osmolality of the ECF?
sodium
what are the greatest determinants of osmolality in the ICF
potassium, glucose, and urea
tonicity
osmolality of a solution
filtration
- the movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane becasue of hydrostatic
pressure differences on both sides of the membrane
- filtering things out of the fluid
, hydrostatic pressure
force of fluid in a compartment pushing against a cell membrane or vessel wall
diffusion
- molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
- rate of diffusion based on size of molecules, concentration of the solution, and
temperature of the solution
- larger the molecules, slower diffusion rate
- usually continuous until equilibrium is reached
active transport
- substances can move across cell membranes from less concentration to more
concentration
- "uphill" against the gradient
- maintains higher sodium levels in ECF, higher potassium concentrations in ICF
- occurs because of an energy source (ATP)
fluid intake
- average of 2,400-2,700mL/day
- driven by thirst centers in the brain
fluid output
- average of 2,300-2,600mL/day
- obligatory output per day to function is 400-600m
- insensible output (sweating, breathing)
electrolytes are important for...
